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Journal of Virology, June 2000, p. 5542-5547, Vol. 74, No. 12
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Adaptation and Selection of Prion Protein Strain Conformations following Interspecies Transmission of Transmissible Mink Encephalopathy

Jason C. Bartz,1,dagger Richard A. Bessen,2,* Debbie McKenzie,1 Richard F. Marsh,1,Dagger and Judd M. Aiken1,*

Animal Health and Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706,1 and Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska, 681782

Received 15 December 1999/Accepted 17 March 2000

Interspecies transmission of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs), or prion diseases, can result in the adaptation and selection of TSE strains with an expanded host range and increased virulence such as in the case of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. To investigate TSE strain adaptation, we serially passaged a biological clone of transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) into Syrian golden hamsters and examined the selection of distinct strain phenotypes and conformations of the disease-specific isoform of the prion protein (PrPSc). The long-incubation-period drowsy (DY) TME strain was the predominate strain, based on the presence of its strain-specific PrPSc following interspecies passage. Additional serial passages in hamsters resulted in the selection of the hyper (HY) TME PrPSc strain-dependent conformation and its short incubation period phenotype unless the passages were performed with a low-dose inoculum (e.g., 10-5 dilution), in which case the DY TME clinical phenotype continued to predominate. For both TME strains, the PrPSc strain pattern preceded stabilization of the TME strain phenotype. These findings demonstrate that interspecies transmission of a single cloned TSE strain resulted in adaptation of at least two strain-associated PrPSc conformations that underwent selection until one type of PrPSc conformation and strain phenotype became predominant. To examine TME strain selection in the absence of host adaptation, hamsters were coinfected with hamster-adapted HY and DY TME. DY TME was able to interfere with the selection of the short-incubation HY TME phenotype. Coinfection could result in the DY TME phenotype and PrPSc conformation on first passage, but on subsequent passages, the disease pattern converted to HY TME. These findings indicate that during TSE strain adaptation, there is selection of a strain-specific PrPSc conformation that can determine the TSE strain phenotype.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address for Richard A. Bessen: Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Creighton University, 2500 California Plaza, Omaha, NE 68178. Phone: (402) 280-3072. Fax: (402) 280-1875. E-mail: rbessen{at}creighton.edu. Mailing address for Judd M. Aiken: Animal Health & Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin, 1656 Linden Dr., Madison, WI 53706. Phone: (608) 262-7362. Fax: (608) 262-7420. E-mail: aiken{at}ahabs.wisc.edu.

dagger Present address: Medical Microbiology & Immunology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178.

Dagger Deceased.

Journal of Virology, June 2000, p. 5542-5547, Vol. 74, No. 12
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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