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Journal of Virology, May 2000, p. 4634-4644, Vol. 74, No. 10
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Influenza Virus Assembly and Lipid Raft Microdomains: a Role for the Cytoplasmic Tails of the Spike Glycoproteins

Jie Zhang,1 Andrew Pekosz,2 and Robert A. Lamb1,2,*

Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology1 and Howard Hughes Medical Institute,2 Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3500

Received 5 January 2000/Accepted 16 February 2000

Influenza viruses encoding hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) glycoproteins with deletions in one or both cytoplasmic tails (HAt- or NAt-) have a reduced association with detergent-insoluble glycolipids (DIGs). Mutations which eliminated various combinations of the three palmitoylation sites in HA exhibited reduced amounts of DIG-associated HA in virus-infected cells. The influenza virus matrix (M1) protein was also found to be associated with DIGs, but this association was decreased in cells infected with HAt- or NAt- virus. Regardless of the amount of DIG-associated protein, the HA and NA glycoproteins were targeted primarily to the apical surface of virus-infected, polarized cells. The uncoupling of DIG association and apical transport was augmented by the observation that the influenza A virus M2 protein as well as the influenza C virus HA-esterase-fusion glycoprotein were not associated with DIGs but were apically targeted. The reduced DIG association of HAt- and NAt- is an intrinsic property of the glycoproteins, as similar reductions in DIG association were observed when the proteins were expressed from cDNA. Examination of purified virions indicated reduced amounts of DIG-associated lipids in the envelope of HAt- and NAt- viruses. The data indicate that deletion of both the HA and NA cytoplasmic tails results in reduced DIG association and changes in both virus polypeptide and lipid composition.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Cell Biology, Northwestern University, 2153 North Campus Dr., Evanston, IL 60208-3500. Phone: (847) 491-5433. Fax: (847) 491-2467. E-mail: ralamb{at}northwestern.edu.

Journal of Virology, May 2000, p. 4634-4644, Vol. 74, No. 10
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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