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Journal of Virology, September 1999, p. 7287-7296, Vol. 73, No. 9
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Tyrosine Phosphorylation of A17 during Vaccinia Virus Infection: Involvement of the H1 Phosphatase and the F10 Kinase

M. Derrien,1,dagger A. Punjabi,2 M. Khanna,2 O. Grubisha,2 and P. Traktman1,2,*

Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Cornell University Medical College, New York, New York 10021,1 and Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 532262

Received 8 April 1999/Accepted 17 May 1999

Vaccinia virus encodes two protein kinases (B1 and F10) and a dual-specificity phosphatase (VH1), suggesting that phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of substrates on serine/threonine and tyrosine residues are important in regulating diverse aspects of the viral life cycle. Using a recombinant in which expression of the H1 phosphatase can be regulated experimentally (vindH1), we have previously demonstrated that repression of H1 leads to the maturation of noninfectious virions that contain several hyperphosphorylated substrates (K. Liu et al., J. Virol. 69:7823-7834). In this report, we demonstrate that among these is a 25-kDa protein that is phosphorylated on tyrosine residues in H1-deficient virions and can be dephosphorylated by recombinant H1. We demonstrate that the 25-kDa phosphoprotein represents the product of the A17 gene and that A17 is phosphorylated on serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues during infection. Detection of phosphotyrosine within A17 is abrogated when Tyr203 (but not Tyr3, Tyr6, or Tyr7) is mutated to phenylalanine, suggesting strongly that this amino acid is the site of tyrosine phosphorylation. Phosphorylation of A17 fails to occur during nonpermissive infections performed with temperature-sensitive mutants defective in the F10 kinase. Our data suggest that this enzyme, which was initially characterized as a serine/threonine kinase, might in fact have dual specificity. This hypothesis is strengthened by the observation that Escherichia coli induced to express F10 contain multiple proteins which are recognized by antiphosphotyrosine antiserum. This study presents the first evidence for phosphotyrosine signaling during vaccinia virus infection and implicates the F10 kinase and the H1 phosphatase as the dual-specificity enzymes that direct this cycle of reversible phosphorylation.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Rd., Milwaukee, WI 53226. Phone: (414) 456-8253. Fax: (414) 456-6535. E-mail: ptrakt{at}mcw.edu.

dagger Present address: Laboratoire de Biologie des Retrovirus, Departement de Virologie, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France.

Journal of Virology, September 1999, p. 7287-7296, Vol. 73, No. 9
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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