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Journal of Virology, August 1999, p. 6490-6499, Vol. 73, No. 8
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Evolution of the Hepatitis C Virus Second Envelope Protein Hypervariable Region in Chronically Infected Patients Receiving Alpha Interferon Therapy

Jean-Michel Pawlotsky,1,2,* Georgios Germanidis,1,2 Pierre-Olivier Frainais,1 Magali Bouvier,1 Alexandre Soulier,1 Muriel Pellerin,1,2 and Daniel Dhumeaux2,3

Department of Bacteriology and Virology1 and Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology,3 Hôpital Henri Mondor, Université Paris XII, and INSERM U99, Hôpital Henri Mondor,2 94010 Créteil, France

Received 1 February 1999/Accepted 19 April 1999

Sustained hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA clearance is achieved in 8 to 12% of patients with chronic HCV infection treated with alpha interferon (IFN-alpha ) at the approved dose of 3 MU three times a week for 6 months and in about 25% of those receiving this treatment for 12 months. We used single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis combined with cloning and sequencing strategies to characterize the genetic evolution of HCV second envelope gene hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) quasispecies during and after IFN therapy in patients who failed to clear HCV RNA. Sustained HCV RNA clearance was achieved in 6% of patients. Profound changes in HVR1 quasispecies major variants were estimated to occur in 70% of the patients during and after therapy. These changes were evolutionary and were characterized by shifts in the virus population, related to selection and subsequent diversification of minor pretreatment variants. The quasispecies changes appeared to be induced by changes in the host environment likely resulting from the IFN-induced enhancement and post-IFN attenuation of neutralizing and possibly cytotoxic responses against HVR1. The remaining patients had no apparent changes in HVR1 quasispecies major variants, suggesting selection of major pretreatment variants, but some changes were observed in other genomic regions. We conclude that IFN-alpha administration and withdrawal profoundly alters the nature of circulating HCV quasispecies, owing to profound changes in virus-host interactions, in patients in whom sustained HCV RNA clearance fails to occur. These changes are associated with profound alterations of the natural outcome of HCV-related liver disease, raising the hypothesis of a causal relationship.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, Hôpital Henri Mondor, 51 avenue du Maréchal de Lattre de Tassigny, 94010 Créteil, France. Phone: (33) 1-4981-2827. Fax: (33) 1-4981-2839. E-mail: pawlotsky{at}univ-paris12.fr.

Journal of Virology, August 1999, p. 6490-6499, Vol. 73, No. 8
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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