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Journal of Virology, July 1999, p. 6015-6023, Vol. 73, No. 7
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Hepatitis A Virus Capsid Protein VP1 Has a Heterogeneous C Terminus

Judith Graff,1,* Oliver C. Richards,1,dagger Kristine M. Swiderek,2,Dagger Michael T. Davis,2,§ Felicia Rusnak,2,parallel Shirley A. Harmon,3 Xi-Yu Jia,3 Donald F. Summers,3,# and Ellie Ehrenfeld1,**

Departments of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry1 and Microbiology and Molecular Genetics,3 University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697, and Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 910102

Received 25 January 1999/Accepted 14 April 1999

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) encodes a single polyprotein which is posttranslationally processed into the functional structural and nonstructural proteins. Only one protease, viral protease 3C, has been implicated in the nine protein scissions. Processing of the capsid protein precursor region generates a unique intermediate, PX (VP1-2A), which accumulates in infected cells and is assumed to serve as precursor to VP1 found in virions, although the details of this reaction have not been determined. Coexpression in transfected cells of a variety of P1 precursor proteins with viral protease 3C demonstrated efficient production of PX, as well as VP0 and VP3; however, no mature VP1 protein was detected. To identify the C-terminal amino acid residue of HAV VP1, we performed peptide sequence analysis by protease-catalyzed [18O]H2O incorporation followed by liquid chromatography ion-trap microspray tandem mass spectrometry of HAV VP1 isolated from purified virions. Two different cell culture-adapted isolates of HAV, strains HM175pE and HM175p35, were used for these analyses. VP1 preparations from both virus isolates contained heterogeneous C termini. The predominant C-terminal amino acid in both virus preparations was VP1-Ser274, which is located N terminal to a methionine residue in VP1-2A. In addition, the analysis of HM175pE recovered smaller amounts of amino acids VP1-Glu273 and VP1-Thr272. In the case of HM175p35, which contains valine at amino acid position VP1-273, VP1-Thr272 was found in addition to VP1-Ser274. The data suggest that HAV 3C is not the protease responsible for generation of the VP1 C terminus. We propose the involvement of host cell protease(s) in the production of HAV VP1.

* Corresponding author. Present address: National Institutes of Health, NIAID, LID, Molecular Hepatitis Section, Building 7, Room 200, 7 Center Dr., Bethesda, MD 20892-0740. Phone: (301) 496-6227. Fax: (301) 402-0524. E-mail: jgraff{at}atlas.niaid.nih.gov.

dagger Present address: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309.

Dagger Present address: ZymoGenetics, Seattle, WA 98102.

§ Present address: Amgen, Inc., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320.

parallel Present address: California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125.

# Present address: National Institutes of Health, NCI, Frederick, MD 21702.

** Present address: National Institutes of Health, NIAID, LVD, Picornavirus Section, Bethesda, MD 20892.

Journal of Virology, July 1999, p. 6015-6023, Vol. 73, No. 7
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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