Selection for Neutralization Resistance of the Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus SHIVSF33A Variant In Vivo by Virtue of Sequence Changes in the Extracellular Envelope Glycoprotein That Modify N-Linked Glycosylation

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Journal of Virology, July 1999, p. 5294-5300, Vol. 73, No. 7
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Selection for Neutralization Resistance of the Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus SHIV_SF33A Variant In Vivo by Virtue of Sequence Changes in the Extracellular Envelope Glycoprotein That Modify N-Linked Glycosylation

Cecilia Cheng-Mayer,¹^,^* Amanda Brown,¹ Janet Harouse,¹ Paul A. Luciw,² and Allen J. Mayer¹

Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10016,¹ and Department of Medical Pathology, University of California, Davis, California 95616²

Received 27 October 1998/Accepted 16 March 1999

We previously reported on the in vivo adaptation of an infectious molecular simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) clone,SHIV_SF33, into a pathogenic biologic viral variant, designatedSHIV_SF33A. In the present study, we show that SHIV_SF33A is resistantto neutralization by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and SHIVantisera. Multiple amino acid substitutions accumulated over timethroughout the env gene of SHIV_SF33A; some of them coincided withthe acquisition of the neutralization resistance of the virus.Of interest are changes that resulted in the removal, repositioning,and addition of potential glycosylation sites within the V1, V2,and V3 regions of envelope gp120. To determine whether potentialglycosylation changes within these principal neutralization domainsof HIV type 1 formed the basis for the resistance to serum neutralizationof SHIV_SF33A, mutant viruses were generated on the backbone ofparental SHIV_SF33 and tested for their neutralization sensitivity.The mutations generated did not alter the in vitro replicationkinetics or cytopathicity of the mutant viruses in T-cell lines.However, the removal of a potential glycosylation site in theV1 domain or the creation of such a site in the V3 domain didallow the virus to escape serum neutralization antibodies thatrecognized parental SHIV_SF33. The combination of the V1 and V3mutations conferred an additive effect on neutralization resistanceover that of the single mutations. Taken together, these datasuggest that (i) SHIV variants with changes in the Env SU canbe selected in vivo primarily by virtue of their ability to escapeneutralizing antibody recognition and (ii) carbohydrates playan important role in conferring neutralization escape, possiblyby altering the structure of envelope gp120 or by shielding principalneutralizationsites.

^* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, 455 First Ave., New York, NY 10016. Phone: (212)448-5080. Fax: (212) 448-5159. E-mail: cmayer{at}adarc.org.

Journal of Virology, July 1999, p. 5294-5300, Vol. 73, No. 7
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

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