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Journal of Virology, May 1999, p. 4220-4229, Vol. 73, No. 5
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

CCAAT Displacement Protein Binds to and Negatively Regulates Human Papillomavirus Type 6 E6, E7, and E1 Promoters

Wandong Ai, Esra Toussaint, and Ann Roman*

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, and Walther Cancer Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-5120

Received 9 September 1998/Accepted 16 February 1999

Expression of human papillomavirus genes increases as the target cell, the keratinocyte, differentiates. CCAAT displacement protein (CDP) is a cellular protein which has been shown in other cell types to negatively regulate gene expression in undifferentiated cells but not in differentiated cells. We have previously shown that a 66-bp purine-thymidine-rich sequence (the 66-mer) binds CDP and negatively regulates the human papillomavirus type 6 (HPV-6) E6 promoter (S. Pattison, D. G. Skalnik, and A. Roman, J. Virol. 71:2013-2022, 1997). Cotransfection experiments with a plasmid expressing luciferase from the HPV-6 E6, E7, or E1 regulatory region and a plasmid carrying the CDP gene indicate that CDP represses transcription from all three HPV-6 promoters. Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs), we have shown that CDP binds HPV-6 both upstream and downstream of the E6, E7, and E1 transcription initiation start sites. Furthermore, when keratinocytes were induced to differentiate, all three promoter activities increased. Consistent with this, immunoblotting and EMSAs revealed that endogenous nucleus CDP and, correspondingly, DNA binding activity decreased when keratinocytes were induced to differentiate. The elevated promoter activities were abrogated by exogenously transfected CDP. Our data demonstrate that CDP fulfills the requirement of a differentiation-dependent negative regulator that could tie the HPV life cycle to keratinocyte differentiation.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 635 Barnhill Dr., Indianapolis, IN 46202-5120. Phone: (317) 274-7275. Fax: (317) 274-4090. E-mail: aroman{at}iupui.edu.

Journal of Virology, May 1999, p. 4220-4229, Vol. 73, No. 5
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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