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Journal of Virology, May 1999, p. 3737-3743, Vol. 73, No. 5
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Identification of a Coronavirus Hemagglutinin-Esterase with a Substrate Specificity Different from Those of Influenza C Virus and Bovine Coronavirus

Alfred Klausegger,1 Birgit Strobl,1 Gerhard Regl,1 Alexandra Kaser,1 Willem Luytjes,2 and Reinhard Vlasak1,*

Institute of Molecular Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria,1 and University of Leiden, Institute of Microbiology, Department of Virology, 2300 AH Leiden, The Netherlands2

Received 30 April 1998/Accepted 26 January 1999

We have characterized the hemagglutinin-esterase (HE) of puffinosis virus (PV), a coronavirus closely related to mouse hepatitis virus (MHV). Analysis of the cloned gene revealed approximately 85% sequence identity to HE proteins of MHV and approximately 60% identity to the corresponding esterase of bovine coronavirus. The HE protein exhibited acetylesterase activity with synthetic substrates p-nitrophenyl acetate, alpha -naphthyl acetate, and 4-methylumbelliferyl acetate. In contrast to other viral esterases, no activity was detectable with natural substrates containing 9-O-acetylated sialic acids. Furthermore, PV esterase was unable to remove influenza C virus receptors from human erythrocytes, indicating a substrate specificity different from HEs of influenza C virus and bovine coronavirus. Solid-phase binding assays revealed that purified PV was unable to bind to sialic acid-containing glycoconjugates like bovine submaxillary mucin, mouse alpha 1 macroglobulin or bovine brain extract. Because of the close relationship to MHV, possible implications on the substrate specificity of MHV esterases are suggested.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institute of Molecular Biology, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Billroth Str. 11, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria. Phone: 43-662-6396124. Fax: 43-662-6396129. E-mail: rvlasak{at}oeaw.ac.at.

Journal of Virology, May 1999, p. 3737-3743, Vol. 73, No. 5
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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