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Journal of Virology, May 1999, p. 3692-3701, Vol. 73, No. 5
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

High Major Histocompatibility Complex-Unrestricted Lysis of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Envelope-Expressing Cells Predisposes Macaques to Rapid AIDS Progressiondagger

Cheng Yin, Mary S. Wu, C. David Pauza, and Maria S. Salvato*

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison, Wisconsin 53706

Received 23 November 1998/Accepted 13 January 1999

Before the development of virus-specific immune responses, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from uninfected rhesus monkeys and human beings have the capacity to lyse target cells expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) or human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV) envelope (gp130 and gp120) antigens. Lysis by naive effector cells does not require major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted antigen presentation, is equally effective for allogeneic and xenogeneic targets, and is designated MHC-unrestricted (UR) lysis. UR lysis is not sensitive to EGTA and does not require de novo RNA or protein synthesis. Several kinds of envelope-expressing targets, including cells that poorly express MHC class I antigens, can be lysed. CD4+ effectors are responsible for most of the lytic activity. High lysis is correlated with high expression of HIV or SIV envelope, specifically, the central one-third of the gp130 molecule, and lysis is completely inhibited by a monoclonal antibody against envelope. Our work extends observations of human lymphocytes expressing HIV gp120 to the SIV/rhesus monkey model for AIDS. Additionally, we address the relevance of UR lysis in vivo. A survey of PBMC from 56 uninfected rhesus monkeys indicates that 59% of the individuals had peak UR lytic activity above 15% specific lysis. Eleven of these monkeys were subsequently infected with SIV. Animals with UR lytic activity above 15% specific lysis were predisposed to more rapid disease progression than animals with low UR lytic activity, suggesting a strong correlation between this form of innate immunity and disease progression to AIDS.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin Medical School, 1300 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706. Phone: (608) 262-6058. Fax: (608) 262-9148. E-mail: msalvato{at}facstaff.wisc.edu.

dagger Publication no. 38-029 of the Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center.

Journal of Virology, May 1999, p. 3692-3701, Vol. 73, No. 5
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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