This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by MacDonald, M. R.
Right arrow Articles by Virgin, H. W.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by MacDonald, M. R.
Right arrow Articles by Virgin, H. W., IV

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

Journal of Virology, May 1999, p. 3682-3691, Vol. 73, No. 5
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Spliced mRNA Encoding the Murine Cytomegalovirus Chemokine Homolog Predicts a beta  Chemokine of Novel Structure

Margaret R. MacDonald,1,* Mary W. Burney,1 Stuart B. Resnick,2 and Herbert W. Virgin IV2

Department of Pediatrics1 and Center for Immunology and Departments of Pathology and Molecular Biology,2 Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110

Received 9 November 1998/Accepted 22 January 1999

A viral mRNA of the late kinetic class expressed by murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) contains an open reading frame (ORF) whose predicted protein, designated MCK-1, has homology to beta  chemokines (M. R. MacDonald, X.-Y. Li, and H. W. Virgin IV, J. Virol. 71:1671-1678, 1997). The present study analyzed further the structure of the transcript in infected fibroblast cells. A splicing event removed the MCK-1 stop codon, bringing a downstream ORF into frame with the chemokine homolog and demonstrating that the MCK-1 ORF was an exon of a larger gene. The predicted 31.4-kDa protein, designated MCK-2, contains a putative amino-terminal signal sequence and a beta  chemokine domain, followed by a carboxyl-terminal domain without significant homology to known proteins. Quantitative analysis of mRNA forms in MCMV-infected fibroblast cells at late times after infection indicated that the viral chemokine RNA was predominantly spliced. There was no evidence for expression of RNA encoding either MCK-1 or MCK-2 at immediate early or early times after infection with MCMV. Monoclonal antibodies generated against bacterially expressed MCK-2 recognized multiple proteins in the range of ~30 to ~45 kDa in Western blot analysis of MCK-2 expressed in transfected COS cells. The monoclonal antibodies immunoprecipitated a similar group of proteins in transfected COS cells metabolically labeled with radioactive cysteine. Radiolabelled protein of apparent higher molecular mass was immunoprecipitated from culture medium overlying the transfected cells, suggesting that posttranslationally modified MCK-2 can be secreted. Two proteins with apparent molecular mass suggestive of posttranslational modification were detected by Western blot analysis of cells harvested at late times after infection with MCMV. These studies show that MCMV encodes and expresses a beta  chemokine homolog with a novel predicted structure.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Pediatrics, Campus Box 8116, Washington University School of Medicine, Number One Children's Place, St. Louis, MO 63110. Phone: (314) 454-2890. Fax: (314) 454-2836. E-mail: peggym{at}pathbox.wustl.edu.

Journal of Virology, May 1999, p. 3682-3691, Vol. 73, No. 5
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


This article has been cited by other articles:

  • MacDonald, M. R., Machlin, E. S., Albin, O. R., Levy, D. E. (2007). The Zinc Finger Antiviral Protein Acts Synergistically with an Interferon-Induced Factor for Maximal Activity against Alphaviruses. J. Virol. 81: 13509-13518 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Noda, S., Aguirre, S. A., Bitmansour, A., Brown, J. M., Sparer, T. E., Huang, J., Mocarski, E. S. (2006). Cytomegalovirus MCK-2 controls mobilization and recruitment of myeloid progenitor cells to facilitate dissemination. Blood 107: 30-38 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Brocchieri, L., Kledal, T. N., Karlin, S., Mocarski, E. S. (2005). Predicting Coding Potential from Genome Sequence: Application to Betaherpesviruses Infecting Rats and Mice. J. Virol. 79: 7570-7596 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Voigt, S., Sandford, G. R., Hayward, G. S., Burns, W. H. (2005). The English strain of rat cytomegalovirus (CMV) contains a novel captured CD200 (vOX2) gene and a spliced CC chemokine upstream from the major immediate-early region: further evidence for a separate evolutionary lineage from that of rat CMV Maastricht. J. Gen. Virol. 86: 263-274 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hahn, G., Revello, M. G., Patrone, M., Percivalle, E., Campanini, G., Sarasini, A., Wagner, M., Gallina, A., Milanesi, G., Koszinowski, U., Baldanti, F., Gerna, G. (2004). Human Cytomegalovirus UL131-128 Genes Are Indispensable for Virus Growth in Endothelial Cells and Virus Transfer to Leukocytes. J. Virol. 78: 10023-10033 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Popkin, D. L., Watson, M. A., Karaskov, E., Dunn, G. P., Bremner, R., Virgin, H. W. IV (2003). Murine cytomegalovirus paralyzes macrophages by blocking IFN{gamma}-induced promoter assembly. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100: 14309-14314 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Akter, P., Cunningham, C., McSharry, B. P., Dolan, A., Addison, C., Dargan, D. J., Hassan-Walker, A. F., Emery, V. C., Griffiths, P. D., Wilkinson, G. W. G., Davison, A. J. (2003). Two novel spliced genes in human cytomegalovirus. J. Gen. Virol. 84: 1117-1122 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Zhu, J., Chen, J., Hai, R., Tong, T., Xiao, J., Zhan, X., Lu, S., Liu, F. (2003). In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of a Murine Cytomegalovirus with a Mutation at Open Reading Frame m166. J. Virol. 77: 2882-2891 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Saederup, N., Aguirre, S. A., Sparer, T. E., Bouley, D. M., Mocarski, E. S. (2001). Murine Cytomegalovirus CC Chemokine Homolog MCK-2 (m131-129) Is a Determinant of Dissemination That Increases Inflammation at Initial Sites of Infection. J. Virol. 75: 9966-9976 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chensue, S. W. (2001). Molecular Machinations: Chemokine Signals in Host-Pathogen Interactions. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 14: 821-835 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Presti, R. M., Popkin, D. L., Connick, M., Paetzold, S., Virgin, H. W. , IV (2001). Novel Cell Type-specific Antiviral Mechanism of Interferon {{gamma}} Action in Macrophages. JEM 193: 483-496 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Voigt, S., Sandford, G. R., Ding, L., Burns, W. H. (2001). Identification and Characterization of a Spliced C-Type Lectin-Like Gene Encoded by Rat Cytomegalovirus. J. Virol. 75: 603-611 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lee, M., Xiao, J., Haghjoo, E., Zhan, X., Abenes, G., Tuong, T., Dunn, W., Liu, F. (2000). Murine Cytomegalovirus Containing a Mutation at Open Reading Frame M37 Is Severely Attenuated in Growth and Virulence In Vivo. J. Virol. 74: 11099-11107 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Nicholas, J (2000). Evolutionary aspects of oncogenic herpesviruses. Mol. Pathol. 53: 222-237 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Vink, C., Beuken, E., Bruggeman, C. A. (2000). Complete DNA Sequence of the Rat Cytomegalovirus Genome. J. Virol. 74: 7656-7665 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • van Berkel, V., Barrett, J., Tiffany, H. L., Fremont, D. H., Murphy, P. M., McFadden, G., Speck, S. H., Virgin, H. W. IV (2000). Identification of a Gammaherpesvirus Selective Chemokine Binding Protein That Inhibits Chemokine Action. J. Virol. 74: 6741-6747 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Saederup, N., Lin, Y. c., Dairaghi, D. J., Schall, T. J., Mocarski, E. S. (1999). Cytomegalovirus-encoded beta chemokine promotes monocyte-associated viremia in the host. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96: 10881-10886 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»