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Journal of Virology, April 1999, p. 3062-3070, Vol. 73, No. 4
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Human Papillomavirus Type 18 E1 Protein Is Translated from Polycistronic mRNA by a Discontinuous Scanning Mechanism

Maido Remm,* Anu Remm, and Mart Ustav

Department of Microbiology and Virology, University of Tartu, and Estonian Biocentre, Tartu 51010, Estonia

Received 4 November 1998/Accepted 8 January 1999

Papillomaviruses are small double-stranded DNA viruses that replicate episomally in the nuclei of infected cells. The full-length E1 protein of papillomaviruses is required for the replication of viral DNA. The viral mRNA from which the human papillomavirus type 18 E1 protein is expressed is not known. We demonstrate that in eukaryotic cells, the E1 protein is expressed from polycistronic mRNA containing E6, E7, and E1 open reading frames (ORFs). The translation of adjacent E7 and E1 ORFs is not associated; it is performed by separate populations of ribosomes. The translation of the downstream E1 gene is preceded by ribosome scanning. Scanning happens at least at the 5' end of the polycistronic mRNA and also approximately 100 bp in front of the E1 gene. Long areas in middle of the mRNA are bypassed by ribosomes, possibly by ribosomal "shunting." Inactivation of short minicistrons in the upstream area of the E1 gene did not change the expression level of the E1 gene.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Estonian Biocentre, Riia str. 23, Tartu 51010, Estonia. Phone: 372-7-375045. Fax: 372-7-420286. E-mail: mremm{at}ebc.ee.

Journal of Virology, April 1999, p. 3062-3070, Vol. 73, No. 4
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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