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Journal of Virology, April 1999, p. 3023-3031, Vol. 73, No. 4
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Types 1 and 2 Differ in the Predominant Mechanism Used for Selection of Genomic RNA for Encapsidation

Jane F. Kaye* and Andrew M. L. Lever

Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Received 30 September 1998/Accepted 18 January 1999

Retroviral RNA encapsidation is a highly selective process mediated through recognition by the viral Gag proteins of cis-acting RNA packaging signals in genomic RNA. This RNA species is also translated, producing the viral gag gene products. The relationship between these processes is poorly understood. Unlike that of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), the dominant packaging signal of HIV-2 is upstream of the major splice donor and present in both unspliced and spliced viral RNAs, necessitating additional mechanisms for preferential packaging of unspliced genomic RNA. Encapsidation studies of a series of HIV-2-based vectors showed efficient packaging of viral genomes only if the unspliced, encapsidated RNA expressed full-length Gag protein, including functional nucleocapsid. We propose a novel encapsidation initiation mechanism, providing selectivity, in which unspliced HIV-2 RNA is captured in cis by the Gag protein. This has implications for the use of HIV-2 and other lentiviruses as vectors.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Level 5, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Rd., Cambridge CB2 2QQ, United Kingdom. Phone: 441223 336860. Fax: 441223 336846. E-mail: jfk11{at}mole.bio.cam.ac.uk.

Journal of Virology, April 1999, p. 3023-3031, Vol. 73, No. 4
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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