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Journal of Virology, April 1999, p. 2613-2621, Vol. 73, No. 4
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Foamy Virus Capsids Require the Cognate Envelope Protein for Particle Export

Thomas Pietschmann,1 Martin Heinkelein,1 Martina Heldmann,2 Hanswalter Zentgraf,3 Axel Rethwilm,1,4,* and Dirk Lindemann1

Institut für Virologie und Immunbiologie1 and Klinik und Poliklinik für Haut- und Geschlechtskrankheiten,2 Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Angewandte Tumorvirologie, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg,3 and Institut für Virologie, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden,4 Germany

Received 17 August 1998/Accepted 14 December 1998

Unlike other subclasses of the Retroviridae the Spumavirinae, its prototype member being the so-called human foamy virus (HFV), require the expression of the envelope (Env) glycoprotein for viral particle egress. Both the murine leukemia virus (MuLV) Env and the vesicular stomatitis virus G protein, which efficiently pseudotype other retrovirus capsids, were not able to support export of HFV particles. Analysis of deletion and point mutants of the HFV Env protein revealed that the HFV Env cytoplasmic domain (CyD) is dispensable for HFV particle envelopment, release, and infectivity, whereas deletion of the membrane-spanning-domain (MSD) led to an accumulation of naked capsids in the cytoplasm. Neither alternative membrane association of HFV Env deletion mutants lacking the MSD and CyD via phosphoglycolipid anchor nor domain swapping mutants, with the MSD or CyD of MuLV Env and VSV-G exchanged against the corresponding HFV domains, could restore particle envelopment and the release defect of pseudotypes. However, replacement of the HFV MSD with that of MuLV led to budding of HFV capsids at the intracellular membranes. These virions were of apparently wild-type morphology but were not naturally released into the supernatant and they were noninfectious.

* Corresponding author. Present address: Institut für Virologie, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Gerichtsstr. 5, 01069 Dresden, Germany. Phone: (49)-351-441-5739. Fax: (49)-351-459-3530. E-mail: Axel.Rethwilm{at}mailbox.tu-dresden.de.

Journal of Virology, April 1999, p. 2613-2621, Vol. 73, No. 4
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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