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Journal of Virology, March 1999, p. 2442-2449, Vol. 73, No. 3
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Interclass Transmission and Phyletic Host Tracking in Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Retroviruses

Joanne Martin,1 Elisabeth Herniou,1,dagger James Cook,1 Rachel Waugh O'Neill,2 and Michael Tristem1,*

Department of Biology, Imperial College, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, United Kingdom,1 and School of Genetics and Human Variation, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia2

Received 17 June 1998/Accepted 20 November 1998

Retroviruses are capable of infectious horizontal transmission between hosts, usually between individuals within a single species, although a number of probable zoonotic infections resulting from transmission between different species of placental mammals have also been reported. Despite these data, it remains unclear how often interspecies transmission events occur or whether their frequency is influenced by the evolutionary distance between host taxa. To address this problem we used PCR to amplify and characterize endogenous retroviruses related to the murine leukemia viruses. We show that members of this retroviral genus are harbored by considerably more organisms than previously thought and that phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that viruses isolated from a particular host class generally cluster together, suggesting that infectious virus horizontal transfer between vertebrate classes occurs only rarely. However, two recent instances of transmission of zoonotic infections between distantly related host organisms were identified. One, from mammals to birds, has led to a rapid adaptive radiation into other avian hosts. The other, between placental and marsupial mammals, involves viruses clustering with recently described porcine retroviruses, adding to concerns regarding the xenotransplantation of pig organs to humans.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biology, Imperial College, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, United Kingdom. Phone: (01344) 294 373. Fax: (01344) 294 339. E-mail: m.tristem{at}ic.ac.uk.

dagger Present address: Department of Zoology, The Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom.

Journal of Virology, March 1999, p. 2442-2449, Vol. 73, No. 3
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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