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Journal of Virology, March 1999, p. 2173-2180, Vol. 73, No. 3
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

African Swine Fever Virus Infection Induces Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Production: Implications in Pathogenesis

M. Gómez del Moral,1 E. Ortuño,1 P. Fernández-Zapatero,2 F. Alonso,1 C. Alonso,2 A. Ezquerra,1,* and J. Domínguez1

Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal, INIA, Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid,1 and Departamento de Biotecnología y Mejora Genética, INIA, 28040 Madrid,2 Spain

Received 30 July 1998/Accepted 2 December 1998

We have analyzed the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha ) induced by in vitro infection with African swine fever (ASF) virus (ASFV) and the systemic and local release of this inflammatory cytokine upon in vivo infection. An early increase in TNF-alpha mRNA expression was detected in ASFV-infected alveolar macrophages, and high levels of TNF-alpha protein were detected by ELISA in culture supernatants from these cells. When animals were experimentally infected with a virulent isolate (E-75), enhanced TNF-alpha expression in mainly affected organs correlated with viral protein expression. Finally, elevated levels of TNF-alpha were detected in serum, corresponding to the onset of clinical signs. TNF-alpha has been reported to be critically involved in the pathogenesis of major clinical events in ASF, such as intravascular coagulation, tissue injury, apoptosis, and shock. In the present study, TNF-alpha containing supernatants from ASFV-infected cultures induced apoptosis in uninfected lymphocytes; this effect was partially abrogated by preincubation with an anti-TNF-alpha specific antibody. These results suggest a relevant role for TNF-alpha in the pathogenesis of ASF.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA), Valdeolmos, 28130 Madrid, Spain. Phone: 34-91-6202300. Fax: 34-91-6202247. E-mail: ezquerr{at}inia.es.

Journal of Virology, March 1999, p. 2173-2180, Vol. 73, No. 3
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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