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Journal of Virology, March 1999, p. 1878-1884, Vol. 73, No. 3
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Independence of Evolutionary and Mutational Rates after Transmission of Avian Influenza Viruses to Swine

J. Stech,1 X. Xiong,2 C. Scholtissek,1,dagger and R. G. Webster1,*

Department of Virology and Molecular Biology1 and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,2 St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-2794

Received 9 March 1998/Accepted 11 November 1998

In 1979, an H1N1 avian influenza virus crossed the species barrier, establishing a new lineage in European swine. Because there is no direct or serologic evidence of previous H1N1 strains in these pigs, these isolates provide a model for studying early evolution of influenza viruses. The evolutionary rates of both the coding and noncoding changes of the H1N1 swine strains are higher than those of human and classic swine influenza A viruses. In addition, early H1N1 swine isolates show a marked plaque heterogeneity that consistently appears after a few passages. The presence of a mutator mutation was postulated (C. Scholtissek, S. Ludwig, and W. M. Fitch, Arch. Virol. 131:237-250, 1993) to account for these observations and the successful establishment of an avian H1N1 strain in swine. To address this question, we calculated the mutation rates of A/Mallard/New York/6750/78 (H2N2) and A/Swine/Germany/2/81 (H1N1) by using the frequency of amantadine-resistant mutants. To account for the inherent variability of estimated mutation rates, we used a probabilistic model for the statistical analysis. The resulting estimated mutation rates of the two strains were not significantly different. Therefore, an increased mutation rate due to the presence of a mutator mutation is unlikely to have led to the successful introduction of avian H1N1 viruses in European swine.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 N. Lauderdale St., Memphis, TN 38105-2794. Phone: (901) 495-3400. Fax: (901) 495-2622. E-mail: Robert.Webster{at}stjude.org.

dagger Present address: Waldstrasse 53, Linden-Leihgestern 35440, Germany.

Journal of Virology, March 1999, p. 1878-1884, Vol. 73, No. 3
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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