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Journal of Virology, February 1999, p. 1075-1079, Vol. 73, No. 2
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Non-Antigen-Specific B-Cell Activation following Murine Gammaherpesvirus Infection Is CD4 Independent In Vitro but CD4 Dependent In Vivo

Philip G. Stevenson and Peter C. Doherty*

St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105

Received 13 August 1998/Accepted 2 November 1998

The murine gammaherpesvirus MHV-68 multiplies in the respiratory epithelium after intranasal inoculation, then spreads to infect B cells in lymphoid germinal centers. Exposing B cells to MHV-68 in vitro caused an increase in cell size, up-regulation of the CD69 activation marker, and immunoglobulin M (IgM) production. The infectious process in vivo was also associated with increased CD69 expression on B cells in the draining lymph nodes and spleen, together with a rise in total serum Ig. However, whereas the in vitro effect on B cells was entirely T-cell independent, evidence of in vivo B-cell activation was minimal in CD4+ T-cell-deficient (I-Ab-/-) or CD4+ T-cell-depleted mice. Furthermore, the Ig present at high levels in serum was predominantly of the IgG class. Surprisingly, the titer of influenza virus-specific serum IgG in previously immunized mice fell following MHV-68 infection, suggesting that there was relatively little activation of memory B cells. Thus, CD4+ T cells seemed both to amplify a direct viral activation of B cells in lymphoid tissue and to promote new Ig class switching despite a lack of obvious cognate antigen.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 N. Lauderdale, Memphis, TN 38105. Phone: (901) 495-3470. Fax: (901) 495-3107. E-mail: peter.doherty{at}stjude.org.

Journal of Virology, February 1999, p. 1075-1079, Vol. 73, No. 2
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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