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Journal of Virology, December 1999, p. 10519-10524, Vol. 73, No. 12
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

The Open Reading Frame 57 Gene Product of Herpesvirus Saimiri Shuttles between the Nucleus and Cytoplasm and Is Involved in Viral RNA Nuclear Export

Delyth J. Goodwin, Kersten T. Hall, Alex J. Stevenson, Alex F. Markham, and Adrian Whitehouse*

Molecular Medicine Unit, University of Leeds, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom

Received 7 June 1999/Accepted 20 August 1999

The herpesvirus saimiri open reading frame (ORF) 57 is homologous to genes identified in all classes of herpesviruses. It has previously been shown to regulate gene expression through a posttranscriptional mechanism. We demonstrate in this report that the expression of the ORF 57 protein leads to the cytoplasmic accumulation of glycoprotein B and capsid mRNAs. We also demonstrate that ORF 57 has the ability to specifically bind viral RNA transcripts. Utilizing an interspecies heterokaryon assay, we show that ORF 57 has the ability to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Furthermore, we show that ORF 57 contains a relatively leucine-rich sequence which shares some homology with nuclear export signals (NES) found in a number of proteins with the ability to shuttle between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Moreover, we demonstrate that the ORF 57 NES enables the nuclear export of a heterologous protein and that mutation of the conserved leucine residues contained within the ORF 57 NES signal abrogates the ability of the ORF 57 protein to shuttle between the nucleus and cytoplasm. These results suggest that ORF 57 is involved in mediating the nuclear export of viral transcripts.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Molecular Medicine Unit, University of Leeds, St. James University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom. Phone: 44-(0)113-2066328. Fax: 44-(0)113-2444475. E-mail: A.Whitehouse{at}leeds.ac.uk.

Journal of Virology, December 1999, p. 10519-10524, Vol. 73, No. 12
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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