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Journal of Virology, December 1999, p. 10122-10128, Vol. 73, No. 12
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Subtype-Independent Immature Secretion and Subtype-Dependent Replication Deficiency of a Highly Frequent, Naturally Occurring Mutation of Human Hepatitis B Virus Core Antigen

Thomas Ta-Tung Yuan, Pei-Ching Tai, and Chiaho Shih*

Center for Tropical Diseases, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0609

Received 21 June 1999/Accepted 31 August 1999

The most frequent mutation of the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) core antigen occurs at amino acid 97. Recently, a phenylalanine (F)-to-leucine (L) mutation at this position (mutant F97L) in HBV surface antigen subtype ayw has been shown to result in an immature secretion phenotype, which is characterized by the nonselective export of an excessive amount of virions containing minus-strand, single-stranded HBV DNA. While subtype ayw mutant F97L has been found in Europe, the major reservoir of HBV resides in Asia and Africa. We report here that the immature secretion phenotype indeed can be found in an HBV strain (subtype adr) prevalent in Asia, changing from an isoleucine (I) to a leucine (mutant I97L). Despite its immature secretion phenotype, the adr variant I97L replicates as well as its parental adr wild-type I97I, supporting the conclusion that the extracellular phenotype of immature secretion is not a consequence of the intracellular HBV DNA replication defect. Further studies demonstrated that it is the acquisition of a leucine, rather than the loss of a wild-type amino acid at codon 97, that is important for immature secretion. We conclude that immature secretion is a subtype-independent phenotype and deficiency in intracellular DNA synthesis is a subtype-dependent phenotype. The former is caused by the trans-acting effect of a mutant core protein, while the latter by a cis-acting effect of a mutated nucleotide on the ayw genome. These immature secretion variants provide an important tool for studying the regulation of HBV virion assembly and secretion.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Center for Tropical Diseases, Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555-0609. Phone: (409) 772-2563. Fax: (409) 747-2429. E-mail: cshih{at}utmb.edu.

Journal of Virology, December 1999, p. 10122-10128, Vol. 73, No. 12
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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