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Journal of Virology, November 1999, p. 9673-9678, Vol. 73, No. 11
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

The Trophoblastic Epithelial Barrier Is Not Infected in Full-Term Placentae of Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Seropositive Mothers Undergoing Antiretroviral Therapy

Charlotte Tscherning-Casper,1 Nikos Papadogiannakis,2 Maria Anvret,3,4 Lisa Stolpe,3 Susanne Lindgren,5 Ann Britt Bohlin,6 Jan Albert,7 and Eva Maria Fenyö1,*

Microbiology and Tumorbiology Center, Karolinska Institute,1 Departments of Pathology,2 Obstetrics and Gynecology,5 and Pediatrics,6 Huddinge Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Department of Clinical Genetics,3 and Department of Clinical Neuroscience,4 Karolinska Hospital, and Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control,7 Stockholm, Sweden

Received 14 August 1998/Accepted 9 July 1999

To study the mechanism of the placental barrier function, we examined 10 matched samples of term placentae, cord blood, and maternal blood obtained at delivery from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected mothers with children diagnosed as HIV negative in Sweden. All placentae were histologically normal, and immunochemistry for HIV type 1 p24 and gp120 antigens was negative. Highly purified trophoblasts (93 to 99% purity) were negative for HIV DNA and RNA, indicating that the trophoblasts were uninfected. Although HIV DNA was detected in placenta-derived T lymphocytes and monocytes, microsatellite analysis showed that these cells were a mixture of maternal and fetal cells. Our study indicates that the placental barrier, i.e., the trophoblastic layer, is not HIV infected and, consequently, HIV infection of the fetus is likely to occur through other routes, such as breaks in the placental barrier.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Microbiology and Tumorbiology Center, Karolinska Institute, Box 280, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden. Phone: 4687286323. Fax: 468331399. E-mail: eva.maria.fenyo{at}mtc.ki.se.

Journal of Virology, November 1999, p. 9673-9678, Vol. 73, No. 11
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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