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Journal of Virology, October 1999, p. 8741-8749, Vol. 73, No. 10
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Evidence of Recombination among Enteroviruses

Juhana Santti,1,* Timo Hyypiä,1,2 Leena Kinnunen,3 and Mika Salminen4

MediCity Research Laboratory and Department of Virology, University of Turku, FIN-20520 Turku,1 Department of Virology, Haartman Institute, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki,2 and Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion3 and HIV Laboratory, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology,4 National Public Health Institute, FIN-00300 Helsinki, Finland

Received 1 February 1999/Accepted 6 July 1999

Human enteroviruses consist of more than 60 serotypes, reflecting a wide range of evolutionary divergence. They have been genetically classified into four clusters on the basis of sequence homology in the coding region of the single-stranded RNA genome. To explore further the genetic relationships between human enteroviruses and to characterize the evolutionary mechanisms responsible for variation, previously sequenced genomes were subjected to detailed comparison. Bootstrap and genetic similarity analyses were used to systematically scan the alignments of complete genomic sequences. Bootstrap analysis provided evidence from an early recombination event at the junction of the 5' noncoding and coding regions of the progenitors of the current clusters. Analysis within the genetic clusters indicated that enterovirus prototype strains include intraspecies recombinants. Recombination breakpoints were detected in all genomic regions except the capsid protein coding region. Our results suggest that recombination is a significant and relatively frequent mechanism in the evolution of enterovirus genomes.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Virology, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 13, FIN-20520 Turku, Finland. Phone: 358-2-3337461. Fax: 358-2-2513303. E-mail: juhana.santti{at}utu.fi.

Journal of Virology, October 1999, p. 8741-8749, Vol. 73, No. 10
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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Copyright © 1999 by the American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.