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Journal of Virology, October 1999, p. 8435-8440, Vol. 73, No. 10
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0

Kinetics of the Development of Protective Immunity in Mice Vaccinated with a Live Attenuated Retrovirus

Ulf Dittmer,dagger Brent Race, and Kim J. Hasenkrug*

Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, Montana 59840

Received 26 April 1999/Accepted 21 June 1999

Vaccination of mice with a live attenuated vaccine virus induces potent protection against subsequent challenge with pathogenic Friend retroviral complex. The kinetic studies presented here demonstrate protection from acute splenomegaly as early as 1 week postvaccination. At this time point virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were demonstrable in direct chromium release assays. However, during the first 2 weeks after vaccination protection was incomplete since the mice were not protected against establishment of low-level persistent infections in the spleen. By 3 weeks postvaccination the animals were protected against the establishment of persistent virus as well as acute splenomegaly. The timing of this complete protection correlated with the presence of both virus-neutralizing antibodies and primed CTL in the immunized mice. Within 3 days of virus challenge, vaccinated mice showed high levels of activated B cells and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, indicating an efficient priming of all lymphocyte subsets. Despite very limited replication of the vaccine virus, the protective effect was long lived and was still present 6 months after immunization.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 903 S. 4th St., Hamilton, MT 59840. Phone: (406) 363-9310. Fax: (406) 363-9286. E-mail: khasenkrug{at}nih.gov.

dagger Present address: Institut für Virologie, 97078 Würzburg, Germany.

Journal of Virology, October 1999, p. 8435-8440, Vol. 73, No. 10
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0


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