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Journal of Virology, October 1999, p. 8196-8200, Vol. 73, No. 10
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Genetic Reassortment of Rift Valley Fever Virus in Nature

A. A. Sall,1 P. M. de A. Zanotto,2 O. K. Sene,1 H. G. Zeller,3 J. P. Digoutte,1 Y. Thiongane,4 and M. Bouloy5,*

Institut Pasteur de Dakar1 and Institut Senegalais de Recherche Agronomique,4 Dakar, Senegal; DIPA-UNIFESP, São Paulo, Brazil2; Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar3; and Groupe des Bunyavirides, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France5

Received 9 April 1999/Accepted 15 July 1999

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), a phlebovirus of the Bunyaviridae family, is an arthropod-borne virus which emerges periodically throughout Africa, emphasizing that it poses a major threat for animal and human populations. To assess the genetic variability of RVFV, several isolates from diverse localities of Africa were investigated by means of reverse transcription-PCR followed by direct sequencing of a region of the small (S), medium (M), and large (L) genomic segments. Phylogenetic analysis showed the existence of three major lineages corresponding to geographic variants from West Africa, Egypt, and Central-East Africa. However, incongruences detected between the L, M, and S phylogenies suggested that genetic exchange via reassortment occurred between strains from different lineages. This hypothesis, depicted by parallel phylogenies, was further confirmed by statistical tests. Our findings, which strongly suggest exchanges between strains from areas of endemicity in West and East Africa, strengthen the potential existence of a sylvatic cycle in the tropical rain forest. This also emphasizes the risk of generating uncontrolled chimeric viruses by using live attenuated vaccines in areas of endemicity.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institut Pasteur, Groupe des Bunyaviridés, 25, rue du Dr. Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France. Phone: 33 1 40 61 31 57. Fax: 33 1 40 61 31 51. E-mail: mbouloy{at}pasteur.fr.

Journal of Virology, October 1999, p. 8196-8200, Vol. 73, No. 10
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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