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Journal of Virology, January 1999, p. 826-833, Vol. 73, No. 1
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Transcriptional Activation Signals Found in the Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Latency C Promoter Are Conserved in the Latency C Promoter Sequences from Baboon and Rhesus Monkey EBV-Like Lymphocryptoviruses (Cercopithicine Herpesviruses 12 and 15)

Ezequiel M. Fuentes-Pananá,1 Sankar Swaminathan,2 and Paul D. Ling1,*

Division of Molecular Virology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030,1 and Sealy Center for Oncology and Hematology and Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-10482

Received 10 August 1998/Accepted 7 October 1998

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) EBNA2 protein is a transcriptional activator that controls viral latent gene expression and is essential for EBV-driven B-cell immortalization. EBNA2 is expressed from the viral C promoter (Cp) and regulates its own expression by activating Cp through interaction with the cellular DNA binding protein CBF1. Through regulation of Cp and EBNA2 expression, EBV controls the pattern of latent protein expression and the type of latency established. To gain further insight into the important regulatory elements that modulate Cp usage, we isolated and sequenced the Cp regions corresponding to nucleotides 10251 to 11479 of the EBV genome (-1079 to +144 relative to the transcription initiation site) from the EBV-like lymphocryptoviruses found in baboons (herpesvirus papio; HVP) and Rhesus macaques (RhEBV). Sequence comparison of the approximately 1,230-bp Cp regions from these primate viruses revealed that EBV and HVP Cp sequences are 64% conserved, EBV and RhEBV Cp sequences are 66% conserved, and HVP and RhEBV Cp sequences are 65% conserved relative to each other. Approximately 50% of the residues are conserved among all three sequences, yet all three viruses have retained response elements for glucocorticoids, two positionally conserved CCAAT boxes, and positionally conserved TATA boxes. The putative EBNA2 100-bp enhancers within these promoters contain 54 conserved residues, and the binding sites for CBF1 and CBF2 are well conserved. Cp usage in the HVP- and RhEBV-transformed cell lines was detected by S1 nuclease protection analysis. Transient-transfection analysis showed that promoters of both HVP and RhEBV are responsive to EBNA2 and that they bind CBF1 and CBF2 in gel mobility shift assays. These results suggest that similar mechanisms for regulation of latent gene expression are conserved among the EBV-related lymphocryptoviruses found in nonhuman primates.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Molecular Virology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX 77030. Phone: (713) 798-8474. Fax: (713) 798-3586. E-mail: pling{at}bcm.tmc.edu.

Journal of Virology, January 1999, p. 826-833, Vol. 73, No. 1
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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