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Journal of Virology, January 1999, p. 667-675, Vol. 73, No. 1
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Recombination in Tula Hantavirus Evolution: Analysis of Genetic Lineages from Slovakia

Claus Sibold,1 Helga Meisel,1 Detlev H. Krüger,1,* Milan Labuda,2 Jan Lysy,2 Oto Kozuch,3 Milan Pejcoch,4 Antti Vaheri,5 and Alexander Plyusnin5

Institute of Medical Virology, Charité School of Medicine, Humboldt University, D-10098 Berlin, Germany1; Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 842 06 Bratislava,2 and Institute of Virology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 842 46 Bratislava,3 Slovak Republic; Regional Hygienic Institute of South Moravia, Brno, Czech Republic4; and Haartman Institute, Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland5

Received 11 August 1998/Accepted 18 September 1998

To examine the evolution of Tula hantavirus (TUL), carried by the European common vole (Microtus arvalis and M. rossiaemeridionalis), we have analyzed genetic variants from Slovakia, the country where the virus is endemic. Phylogenetic analysis (PHYLIP) based on either partial (nucleotides [nt] 441 to 898) or complete N-protein-encoding sequences divided Slovakian TUL variants into two main lineages: (i) strains from eastern Slovakia, which clustered with Russian strains, and (ii) strains from western Slovakia situated closer to those from the Czech Republic. We found genetic diversity of 19% between the two groups and 4% within the western Slovakian TUL strains. Phylogenetic analysis of the 3' noncoding region (3'-NCR), however, placed the eastern Slovakian strains closer to those from western Slovakia and the Czech Republic, with a greater distance to the Russian strains, suggesting a recombinant nature of the S segment in the eastern Slovakian TUL lineage. A bootscan search of the S-segment sequences of TUL strains revealed at least two recombination points in the S sequences of eastern Slovakian TUL strains (nt 400 to 415 and around 1200) which agreed well with the pattern of amino acid substitutions in the N protein and deletions/insertions in the 3'-NCR of the S segment. These data suggest that homologous recombination events occurred in the evolution of hantaviruses.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institute of Virology, Charité School of Medicine, Humboldt University, Schumannstr. 20/21, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. Phone: 49-30-2802 2387. Fax: 49-30-2802 2180. E-mail: detlev.kruger{at}charite.de.

Journal of Virology, January 1999, p. 667-675, Vol. 73, No. 1
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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