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Journal of Virology, January 1999, p. 186-197, Vol. 73, No. 1
Food Animal Health Research Program,
Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural
Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University,
Wooster, Ohio 44691-4096
Received 31 July 1998/Accepted 7 October 1998
Although maternal antibodies can protect against infectious disease
in infancy, they can also suppress active immune responses. The effects
of circulating maternal antibodies, with and without colostrum and
milk antibodies, on passive protection and active immunity to
human rotavirus (HRV) were examined in gnotobiotic pigs. Pigs received
intraperitoneal injections of high-titer serum (immune pigs [groups 1 and 2]) from immunized sows, low-titer serum from naturally
infected sows (control pigs [groups 3 and 4]), or no serum (group 5).
Immune or control colostrum and milk were added to the diet of groups 2 and 4, respectively. After inoculation (3 to 5 days of age)
and challenge (postinoculation day [PID] 21) with virulent HRV, the
effects of maternal antibodies on protection (from diarrhea and virus
shedding), and on active antibody responses (measured by quantitation
of antibody-secreting cells [ASC] in intestinal and systemic lymphoid
tissues by ELISPOT) were evaluated. Groups 1 and 2 had significantly
less diarrhea and virus shedding after inoculation but higher rates of
diarrhea and virus shedding after challenge than did groups 3 and 5. Group 1 and 2 pigs had significantly fewer immunoglobulin A (IgA) ASC in intestinal tissues at PID 21 and at postchallenge day (PCD) 7 compared to group 5. Significantly fewer IgG ASC were present in the
intestines of group 2 pigs at PID 21 and PCD 7 compared to group 5. There was a trend towards fewer ASC in intestinal tissues of group 2 than group 1, from PID 21 on, with significantly fewer IgA ASC at PCD
7. IgG ASC in the duodenum and mesenteric lymph nodes of group 3 and 4 pigs were significantly fewer than in group 5 at PCD 7. These decreases
in ASC emphasize the role of passive antibodies in impairing induction
of ASC rather than in merely suppressing the function of differentiated
B cells. To be successful, vaccines intended for populations with high titers of maternal antibodies (infants in developing countries) may require higher titers of virus, multiple doses, or improved delivery systems, such as the use of microencapsulation or immune stimulating complexes, to overcome the suppressive effects of maternal antibodies.
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Effects of Maternal Antibodies on Protection and Development of
Antibody Responses to Human Rotavirus in Gnotobiotic Pigs
and
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Food Animal
Health Research Program, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691-4096. Phone: (330) 263-3742. Fax: (330)
263-3677. E-mail: Saif.2{at}osu.edu.
Present address: College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National
University, Cheongju 360-763, South Korea.
Present address: Dpto. Patología Animal: Sanidad Animal,
Universidad de Leon, Campus de Vegazana SN, 24071 Leon, Spain.
§
Present address: Instituto de Virología, CICV, INTA
Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Present address: National Institute of Animal Health, Department
of Immunology, Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, Ibaraki 305, Japan.
Journal of Virology, January 1999, p. 186-197, Vol. 73, No. 1
0022-538X/99/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1999, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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