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Journal of Virology, September 1998, p. 7620-7625, Vol. 72, No. 9
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Stabilization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trimers by Disulfide Bonds Introduced into the gp41 Glycoprotein Ectodomain

Michael Farzan,1,* Hyeryun Choe,1 Elizabeth Desjardins,1 Ying Sun,1 Jens Kuhn,1 Jie Cao,1 Danielle Archambault,1 Peter Kolchinsky,1 Markus Koch,1 Richard Wyatt,1 and Joseph Sodroski1,2

Division of Human Retrovirology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School,1 and Department of Cancer Biology, Harvard School of Public Health,2 Boston, Massachusetts 02115

Received 8 August 1997/Accepted 21 May 1998

Biochemical and structural studies of fragments of the ectodomain of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp41 transmembrane envelope glycoprotein have demonstrated that the molecular contacts between alpha helices allow the formation of a trimeric coiled coil. By introducing cysteine residues into specific locations along these alpha helices, the normally labile HIV-1 gp160 envelope glycoprotein was converted into a stable disulfide-linked oligomer. Although proteolytic cleavage into gp120 and gp41 glycoproteins was largely blocked, the disulfide-linked oligomer was efficiently transported to the cell surface and was recognized by a series of conformationally dependent antibodies. The pattern of hetero-oligomer formation between this construct and an analogous construct lacking portions of the gp120 variable loops and of the gp41 cytoplasmic tail demonstrates that these oligomers are trimers. These results support the relevance of the proposed gp41 structure and intersubunit contacts to the native, complete HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein. Disulfide-mediated stabilization of the labile HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein oligomer, which has been suggested to possess advantages as an immunogen, may assist attempts to develop vaccines.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: JFB824, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 44 Binney St., Boston, MA 02115. Phone: (617) 632-4358. Fax: (617) 632-3113. E-mail: farzan{at}mbcrr.harvard.edu.

Journal of Virology, September 1998, p. 7620-7625, Vol. 72, No. 9
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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Copyright © 1998 by the American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.