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Journal of Virology, September 1998, p. 7349-7356, Vol. 72, No. 9
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Binding of Sindbis Virus to Cell Surface Heparan Sulfate

Andrew P. Byrnes1 and Diane E. Griffin1,2,*

Departments of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology1 and Medicine and Neurology,2 Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205

Received 26 February 1998/Accepted 5 June 1998

Alphaviruses are arthropod-borne viruses with wide species ranges and diverse tissue tropisms. The cell surface receptors which allow infection of so many different species and cell types are still incompletely characterized. We show here that the widely expressed glycosaminoglycan heparan sulfate can participate in the binding of Sindbis virus to cells. Enzymatic removal of heparan sulfate or the use of heparan sulfate-deficient cells led to a large reduction in virus binding. Sindbis virus bound to immobilized heparin, and this interaction was blocked by neutralizing antibodies against the viral E2 glycoprotein. Further experiments showed that a high degree of sulfation was critical for the ability of heparin to bind Sindbis virus. However, Sindbis virus was still able to infect and replicate on cells which were completely deficient in heparan sulfate, indicating that additional receptors must be involved. Cell surface binding of another alphavirus, Ross River virus, was found to be independent of heparan sulfate.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Hygiene and Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD 21205. Phone: (410) 955-3459. Fax: (410) 955-0105. E-mail: dgriffin{at}welchlink.welch.jhu.edu.

Journal of Virology, September 1998, p. 7349-7356, Vol. 72, No. 9
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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