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Journal of Virology, September 1998, p. 7289-7293, Vol. 72, No. 9
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Oral Administration of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Induces Immune Unresponsiveness with Persistent Infection in Adult Rats

Hirotomo Kato,1,2 Yoshihiro Koya,1 Takashi Ohashi,1 Shino Hanabuchi,1,3 Fumiyo Takemura,1,3 Masahiro Fujii,1 Hajime Tsujimoto,2 Atsuhiko Hasegawa,2 and Mari Kannagi1,3,*

Department of Immunotherapeutics, Medical Research Division, Tokyo Medical and Dental University,1 and Department of Veterinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tokyo,2 Tokyo 113, and CREST, Japan Science and Technology Corporation, Saitama 332,3 Japan

Received 12 January 1998/Accepted 3 June 1998

The major route of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection is mother-to-child transmission caused by breast-feeding. We investigated the host immune responses to orally established persistent HTLV-1 infection in adult rats. HTLV-1-producing MT-2 cells were inoculated into immunocompetent adult rats either orally, intravenously, or intraperitoneally. HTLV-1 proviruses were detected in the peripheral blood and several organs for at least 12 weeks. Transmission of HTLV-1 to these animals was confirmed by analysis of HTLV-1 flanking regions. Despite persistent HTLV-1 presence, none of the orally inoculated rats produced detectable levels of anti-HTLV-1 antibodies, whereas all intravenously or intraperitoneally inoculated rats showed significant anti-HTLV-1 antibody responses. T-cell proliferative responses against HTLV-1 were also absent in orally inoculated rats. Our findings suggest that gastrointestinal exposure of adult rats to HTLV-1-infected cells induces persistent HTLV-1 infection in the absence of both humoral and cellular immune responses against HTLV-1. This immune unresponsiveness at primary infection may subsequently affect the host defense ability against HTLV-1.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Immunotherapeutics, Medical Research Division, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan. Phone: 81 (3) 5803-5798. Fax: 81 (3) 5803-0235. E-mail: kann.impt{at}med.tmd.ac.jp.

Journal of Virology, September 1998, p. 7289-7293, Vol. 72, No. 9
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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