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J Virol, August 1998, p. 6581-6591, Vol. 72, No. 8
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

The Disruption of ND10 during Herpes Simplex Virus Infection Correlates with the Vmw110- and Proteasome-Dependent Loss of Several PML Isoforms

Roger D. Everett,1,* Paul Freemont,2 Hisato Saitoh,3 Mary Dasso,3 Anne Orr,1 Meeta Kathoria,1 and Jane Parkinson1

MRC Virology Unit, Glasgow G11 5JR, Scotland,1 and Protein Structure Laboratory, ICRF Research Laboratories, London WC2A 3PX,2 United Kingdom, and Laboratory of Molecular Embryology, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 208923

Received 20 March 1998/Accepted 12 May 1998

The small nuclear structures known as ND10 or PML nuclear bodies have been implicated in a variety of cellular processes including response to stress and interferons, oncogenesis, and viral infection, but little is known about their biochemical properties. Recently, a ubiquitin-specific protease enzyme (named HAUSP) and a ubiquitin-homology family protein (PIC1) have been found associated with ND10. HAUSP binds strongly to Vmw110, a herpesvirus regulatory protein which has the ability to disrupt ND10, while PIC1 was identified as a protein which interacts with PML, the prototype ND10 protein. We have investigated the role of ubiquitin-related pathways in the mechanism of ND10 disruption by Vmw110 and the effect of virus infection on PML stability. The results show that the disruption of ND10 during virus infection correlates with the loss of several PML isoforms and this process is dependent on active proteasomes. The PML isoforms that are most sensitive to virus infection correspond closely to those which have recently been identified as being covalently conjugated to PIC1. In addition, a large number of PIC1-protein conjugates can be detected following transfection of a PIC1 expression plasmid, and many of these are also eliminated in a Vmw110-dependent manner during virus infection. These observations provide a biochemical mechanism to explain the observed effects of Vmw110 on ND10 and suggest a simple yet powerful mechanism by which Vmw110 might function during virus infection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: MRC Virology Unit, Church St., Glasgow G11 5JR, Scotland, United Kingdom. Phone: 141 330 4017. Fax: 141 337 2236. E-mail: r.everett{at}vir.gla.ac.uk.

J Virol, August 1998, p. 6581-6591, Vol. 72, No. 8
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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