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J Virol, August 1998, p. 6554-6558, Vol. 72, No. 8
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Characterization of a Live-Attenuated Retroviral
Vaccine Demonstrates Protection via Immune Mechanisms
Ulf
Dittmer,*
Diane
M.
Brooks, and
Kim J.
Hasenkrug
Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases,
Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and
Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana 59840
Received 16 March 1998/Accepted 11 May 1998
Live-attenuated retroviruses have been shown to be effective
retroviral vaccines, but currently little is known regarding the
mechanisms of protection. In the present studies, we used Friend virus
as a model to analyze characteristics of a live-attenuated vaccine in
protection against virus-induced disease. Highly susceptible mice were
immunized with nonpathogenic Friend murine leukemia helper virus
(F-MuLV), which replicates poorly in adult mice. Further attenuation of
the vaccine virus was achieved by crossing the Fv-1 genetic resistance
barrier. The minimum dose of vaccine virus required to protect 100% of
the mice against challenge with pathogenic Friend virus
complex was determined to be 103 focus-forming units of
attenuated virus. Live vaccine virus was necessary for induction of
immunity, since inactivated F-MuLV did not induce protection. To
determine whether immune cells mediated protection, spleen cells
from vaccinated donor mice were adoptively transferred into syngeneic
recipients. The results indicated that immune mechanisms rather than
viral interference mediated protection.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratory of
Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National
Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of
Health, 903 S. 4th St., Hamilton, MT 59840. Phone: (406) 363-9312. Fax: (406) 363-9204. E-mail:
udittmer{at}atlas.niaid.nih.gov.
J Virol, August 1998, p. 6554-6558, Vol. 72, No. 8
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
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