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J Virol, August 1998, p. 6554-6558, Vol. 72, No. 8
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Characterization of a Live-Attenuated Retroviral Vaccine Demonstrates Protection via Immune Mechanisms

Ulf Dittmer,* Diane M. Brooks, and Kim J. Hasenkrug

Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Hamilton, Montana 59840

Received 16 March 1998/Accepted 11 May 1998

Live-attenuated retroviruses have been shown to be effective retroviral vaccines, but currently little is known regarding the mechanisms of protection. In the present studies, we used Friend virus as a model to analyze characteristics of a live-attenuated vaccine in protection against virus-induced disease. Highly susceptible mice were immunized with nonpathogenic Friend murine leukemia helper virus (F-MuLV), which replicates poorly in adult mice. Further attenuation of the vaccine virus was achieved by crossing the Fv-1 genetic resistance barrier. The minimum dose of vaccine virus required to protect 100% of the mice against challenge with pathogenic Friend virus complex was determined to be 103 focus-forming units of attenuated virus. Live vaccine virus was necessary for induction of immunity, since inactivated F-MuLV did not induce protection. To determine whether immune cells mediated protection, spleen cells from vaccinated donor mice were adoptively transferred into syngeneic recipients. The results indicated that immune mechanisms rather than viral interference mediated protection.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 903 S. 4th St., Hamilton, MT 59840. Phone: (406) 363-9312. Fax: (406) 363-9204. E-mail: udittmer{at}atlas.niaid.nih.gov.

J Virol, August 1998, p. 6554-6558, Vol. 72, No. 8
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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Copyright © 1998 by the American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.