This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Heinkelein, M.
Right arrow Articles by Rethwilm, A.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Heinkelein, M.
Right arrow Articles by Rethwilm, A.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

J Virol, August 1998, p. 6307-6314, Vol. 72, No. 8
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Characterization of a cis-Acting Sequence in the pol Region Required To Transfer Human Foamy Virus Vectors

Martin Heinkelein, Michael Schmidt,dagger Nicole Fischer,Dagger Astrid Moebes, Dirk Lindemann, Jörg Enssle, and Axel Rethwilm*

Institut für Virologie und Immunbiologie, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany

Received 25 February 1998/Accepted 20 April 1998

To identify cis-acting elements in the foamy virus (FV) RNA pregenome, we developed a transient-vector-production system based on cotransfection of indicator gene-bearing vector and gag-pol and env expression plasmids. Two elements which were critical for vector transfer were found and mapped approximately. The first element was located in the RU5 leader and the 5' gag region (approximately up to position 650 of the viral RNA). The second element was located in an approximately 2-kb sequence in the 3' pol region. Although small 5' and 3' deletions, as well as internal deletions of the latter element, were tolerated, both elements were found to be absolutely required for vector transfer. The functional characterization of the pol region-located cis-acting element revealed that it is essential for efficient incorporation or the stability of particle-associated virion RNA. Furthermore, virions derived from a vector lacking this sequence were found to be deficient in the cleavage of the Gag protein by the Pol precursor protease. Our results suggest that during the formation of infectious virions, complex interactions between FV Gag and Pol and the viral RNA take place.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institut für Virologie und Immunbiologie, Universität Würzburg, Versbacher Strasse 7, 97078 Würzburg, Germany. Phone: (49) 931-201-3928. Fax: (49) 931-201-3934. E-mail: rethwilm{at}vim.uni-wuerzburg.de.

dagger Present address: Molecular Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1654.

Dagger Present address: Laboratory of Neurovirology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697-4295.

J Virol, August 1998, p. 6307-6314, Vol. 72, No. 8
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Wiktorowicz, T., Peters, K., Armbruster, N., Steinert, A. F., Rethwilm, A. (2009). Generation of an improved foamy virus vector by dissection of cis-acting sequences. J. Gen. Virol. 90: 481-487 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Roy, J., Linial, M. L. (2007). Role of the Foamy Virus Pol Cleavage Site in Viral Replication. J. Virol. 81: 4956-4962 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Trobridge, G. D., Miller, D. G., Jacobs, M. A., Allen, J. M., Kiem, H.-P., Kaul, R., Russell, D. W. (2006). Foamy virus vector integration sites in normal human cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 103: 1498-1503 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Peters, K., Wiktorowicz, T., Heinkelein, M., Rethwilm, A. (2005). RNA and Protein Requirements for Incorporation of the Pol Protein into Foamy Virus Particles. J. Virol. 79: 7005-7013 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Patton, G. S., Erlwein, O., McClure, M. O. (2004). Cell-cycle dependence of foamy virus vectors. J. Gen. Virol. 85: 2925-2930 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Stenbak, C. R., Linial, M. L. (2004). Role of the C Terminus of Foamy Virus Gag in RNA Packaging and Pol Expression. J. Virol. 78: 9423-9430 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Boyer, P. L., Stenbak, C. R., Clark, P. K., Linial, M. L., Hughes, S. H. (2004). Characterization of the Polymerase and RNase H Activities of Human Foamy Virus Reverse Transcriptase. J. Virol. 78: 6112-6121 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Heinkelein, M., Rammling, M., Juretzek, T., Lindemann, D., Rethwilm, A. (2003). Retrotransposition and Cell-to-Cell Transfer of Foamy Viruses. J. Virol. 77: 11855-11858 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Heinkelein, M., Leurs, C., Rammling, M., Peters, K., Hanenberg, H., Rethwilm, A. (2002). Pregenomic RNA Is Required for Efficient Incorporation of Pol Polyprotein into Foamy Virus Capsids. J. Virol. 76: 10069-10073 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Heinkelein, M., Dressler, M., Jarmy, G., Rammling, M., Imrich, H., Thurow, J., Lindemann, D., Rethwilm, A. (2002). Improved Primate Foamy Virus Vectors and Packaging Constructs. J. Virol. 76: 3774-3783 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Wodrich, H., Bohne, J., Gumz, E., Welker, R., Krausslich, H.-G. (2001). A New RNA Element Located in the Coding Region of a Murine Endogenous Retrovirus Can Functionally Replace the Rev/Rev-Responsive Element System in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gag Expression. J. Virol. 75: 10670-10682 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Russell, R. A., Zeng, Y., Erlwein, O., Cullen, B. R., McClure, M. O. (2001). The R Region Found in the Human Foamy Virus Long Terminal Repeat Is Critical for both Gag and Pol Protein Expression. J. Virol. 75: 6817-6824 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Vassilopoulos, G., Trobridge, G., Josephson, N. C., Russell, D. W. (2001). Gene transfer into murine hematopoietic stem cells with helper-free foamy virus vectors. Blood 98: 604-609 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lindemann, D., Pietschmann, T., Picard-Maureau, M., Berg, A., Heinkelein, M., Thurow, J., Knaus, P., Zentgraf, H., Rethwilm, A. (2001). A Particle-Associated Glycoprotein Signal Peptide Essential for Virus Maturation and Infectivity. J. Virol. 75: 5762-5771 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Cain, D., Erlwein, O., Grigg, A., Russell, R. A., McClure, M. O. (2001). Palindromic Sequence Plays a Critical Role in Human Foamy Virus Dimerization. J. Virol. 75: 3731-3739 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Meiering, C. D., Maxine L. Linial, (2001). Historical Perspective of Foamy Virus Epidemiology and Infection. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 14: 165-176 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Imrich, H., Heinkelein, M., Herchenröder, O., Rethwilm, A. (2000). Primate foamy virus Pol proteins are imported into the nucleus. J. Gen. Virol. 81: 2941-2947 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hu, W.-S., Pathak, V. K. (2000). Design of Retroviral Vectors and Helper Cells for Gene Therapy. Pharmacol. Rev. 52: 493-512 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Jewell, N. A., Mansky, L. M. (2000). In the beginning: genome recognition, RNA encapsidation and the initiation of complex retrovirus assembly. J. Gen. Virol. 81: 1889-1899 [Full Text]  
  • Pietschmann, T., Zentgraf, H., Rethwilm, A., Lindemann, D. (2000). An Evolutionarily Conserved Positively Charged Amino Acid in the Putative Membrane-Spanning Domain of the Foamy Virus Envelope Protein Controls Fusion Activity. J. Virol. 74: 4474-4482 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Heinkelein, M., Thurow, J., Dressler, M., Imrich, H., Neumann-Haefelin, D., McClure, M. O., Rethwilm, A. (2000). Complex Effects of Deletions in the 5' Untranslated Region of Primate Foamy Virus on Viral Gene Expression and RNA Packaging. J. Virol. 74: 3141-3148 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Callahan, M. E., Switzer, W. M., Matthews, A. L., Roberts, B. D., Heneine, W., Folks, T. M., Sandstrom, P. A. (1999). Persistent Zoonotic Infection of a Human with Simian Foamy Virus in the Absence of an Intact orf-2 Accessory Gene. J. Virol. 73: 9619-9624 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Baldwin, D. N., Linial, M. L. (1999). Proteolytic Activity, the Carboxy Terminus of Gag, and the Primer Binding Site Are Not Required for Pol Incorporation into Foamy Virus Particles. J. Virol. 73: 6387-6393 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Enssle, J, Moebes, A, Heinkelein, M, Panhuysen, M, Mauer, B, Schweizer, M, Neumann-Haefelin, D, Rethwilm, A (1999). An active foamy virus integrase is required for virus replication. J. Gen. Virol. 80: 1445-1452 [Abstract]  
  • Wu, M., Mergia, A. (1999). Packaging Cell Lines for Simian Foamy Virus Type 1 Vectors. J. Virol. 73: 4498-4501 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Pietschmann, T., Heinkelein, M., Heldmann, M., Zentgraf, H., Rethwilm, A., Lindemann, D. (1999). Foamy Virus Capsids Require the Cognate Envelope Protein for Particle Export. J. Virol. 73: 2613-2621 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Linial, M. L. (1999). Foamy Viruses Are Unconventional Retroviruses. J. Virol. 73: 1747-1755 [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»