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J Virol, July 1998, p. 5905-5911, Vol. 72, No. 7
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Replication Defect of Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus with a Mutant Reverse Transcriptase That Can Incorporate Ribonucleotides and Deoxyribonucleotides

Guangxia Gao and Stephen P. Goff*

Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032

Received 2 February 1998/Accepted 15 April 1998

Reverse transcriptase (RT) plays a critical role in retrovirus replication, directing the synthesis of a double- stranded DNA copy of the viral RNA genome. We have previously described a mutant RT of the Moloney murine leukemia virus in which F155 was replaced by valine, and we demonstrated that this substitution allowed the enzyme to incorporate ribonucleotides to form RNA while still retaining its normal ability to incorporate deoxyribonucleotides to form DNA. When introduced into the viral genome, this mutation rendered the virus incapable of replication. Characterization of the mutant virus revealed that the enzyme was still active and able to synthesize minus-strand strong stop DNA and some longer products but failed to make full-length minus-strand DNA. We propose that the failure of the enzyme to complete DNA synthesis in vivo resulted from its ability to incorporate ribonucleotides into the products, which served as inhibitors for DNA synthesis. We also tested seven other amino acid residues for their abilities to substitute for F155 in virus replication; of these, only tyrosine could support virus replication. In an attempt to select for second-site suppressor mutations, the F155V mutant was subjected to random mutagenesis and was used as a parent for the isolation of revertant viruses. Two independent revertants were found to have changed the valine residue at position 155 back to the wild- type phenylalanine. These results suggest that an aromatic ring at this position is important for virus replication.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Room 1127 HHSC, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, 701 West 168th St., New York, NY 10032. Phone: (212) 305-3794. Fax: (212) 305-8692. E-mail: goff{at}cuccfa.columbia.edu.

J Virol, July 1998, p. 5905-5911, Vol. 72, No. 7
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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