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J Virol, July 1998, p. 5648-5653, Vol. 72, No. 7
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Protective CD4+ and CD8+ T Cells against Influenza Virus Induced by Vaccination with Nucleoprotein DNA

Jeffrey B. Ulmer,dagger Tong-Ming Fu, R. Randall Deck, Arthur Friedman, Liming Guan, Corrille DeWitt, Xu Liu, Su Wang, Margaret A. Liu,dagger John J. Donnelly, and Michael J. Caulfield*

Department of Virus and Cell Biology, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, Pennsylvania 19486

Received 14 November 1997/Accepted 2 April 1998

DNA vaccination is an effective means of eliciting both humoral and cellular immunity, including cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Using an influenza virus model, we previously demonstrated that injection of DNA encoding influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP) induced major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted CTL and cross-strain protection from lethal virus challenge in mice (J. B. Ulmer et al., Science 259:1745-1749, 1993). In the present study, we have characterized in more detail the cellular immune responses induced by NP DNA, which included robust lymphoproliferation and Th1-type cytokine secretion (high levels of gamma interferon and interleukin-2 [IL-2], with little IL-4 or IL-10) in response to antigen-specific restimulation of splenocytes in vitro. These responses were mediated by CD4+ T cells, as shown by in vitro depletion of T-cell subsets. Taken together, these results indicate that immunization with NP DNA primes both cytolytic CD8+ T cells and cytokine-secreting CD4+ T cells. Further, we demonstrate by adoptive transfer and in vivo depletion of T-cell subsets that both of these types of T cells act as effectors in protective immunity against influenza virus challenge conferred by NP DNA.


* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Merck Research Laboratories, WP 26B-111, West Point, PA 19486. Phone: (215) 652-3402. Fax: (215) 652-2142. E-mail: michael_caulfield{at}merck.com.

dagger Present address: Chiron Corporation, Emeryville, Calif.


J Virol, July 1998, p. 5648-5653, Vol. 72, No. 7
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.



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