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J Virol, July 1998, p. 5360-5365, Vol. 72, No. 7
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Role for beta 2-Microglobulin in Echovirus Infection of Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells

Trevor Ward,1 Robert M. Powell,1 Pamela A. Pipkin,2 David J. Evans,1 Phillip D. Minor,2 and Jeffrey W. Almond1,*

School of Animal and Microbial Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AJ,1 and National Institute of Biological Standards and Control, South Mimms, Potters Bar EN6 3QG,2 United Kingdom

Received 5 November 1997/Accepted 13 March 1998

A monoclonal antibody (MAb) that blocks most echoviruses (EVs) from infecting rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells has been isolated. By using the CELICS cloning method (T. Ward, P. A. Pipkin, N. A. Clarkson, D. M. Stone, P. D. Minor, and J. W. Almond, EMBO J. 13:5070-5074, 1994), the ligand for this antibody has been identified as beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m), the 12-kDa protein that associates with class I heavy chains to form class I HLA complexes. A commercial MAb (MAb 1350) against beta 2m was also found to block EV7 infection without affecting binding to its receptor, DAF, or replication of EV7 viral RNA inside cells. Entry of EV7 into cells was reduced by only 30% by antibody and cytochalasin D, an inhibitor of endocytosis mediated by caveolae and clathrin-coated pits, but was not significantly reduced by sodium azide. The block to virus entry by cytochalasin D was additive to the block induced by antibody. We suggest that EV7 rapidly enters into a multicomponent receptor complex prior to entry into cells and that this initial entry event requires beta 2m or class I HLA for infection to proceed.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: School of Animal and Microbial Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, P.O. Box 228, Reading RG6 6AJ, United Kingdom. Phone: 44 118 318 901. Fax: 44 118 9316 537. E-mail: j.w.almond{at}reading.ac.uk.

J Virol, July 1998, p. 5360-5365, Vol. 72, No. 7
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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