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J Virol, June 1998, p. 5108-5120, Vol. 72, No. 6
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Analysis of a Vaccinia Virus Mutant Expressing a Nonpalmitylated Form of p37, a Mediator of Virion Envelopment

Douglas W. Grosenbach and Dennis E. Hruby*

Center for Gene Research and Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331-3804

Received 2 October 1997/Accepted 10 March 1998

Vaccinia virus encodes a 37-kDa palmitylated protein (p37) that is required for envelopment, translocation, and cell-to-cell spread of virions. We have analyzed the biological significance of the palmitate modification by constructing a recombinant vaccinia virus that expresses a nonpalmitylated p37 and comparing its biological activity to that of the wild-type virus. The mutant virus is inefficient at cell-to-cell spread and does not produce or release enveloped virions, although it produces normal amounts of nonenveloped virions. Furthermore, the mutant virus is not able to nucleate actin to propel itself through and out of the cell, a function requiring the indirect participation of p37. The deficiency in protein function appears to result from a lack of appropriate targeting to the membranes of the trans-Golgi network (TGN) which leaves p37 soluble in the cytoplasm. We conclude that the palmitate moiety is necessary for targeting or anchoring p37 to the TGN membrane, where, along with other vaccinia virus-encoded proteins, p37 is involved in the complex process of virion envelopment and release.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology, Nash Hall 220, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-3804. Phone: (541) 737-1849. Fax: (541) 737-2440. E-mail: hrubyd{at}bcc.orst.edu.

J Virol, June 1998, p. 5108-5120, Vol. 72, No. 6
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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