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J Virol, June 1998, p. 5035-5045, Vol. 72, No. 6
Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The
Rockefeller University, New York, New York
10016,1 and Division of Retrovirology, Walter
Reed Army Institute of Research, Rockville, Maryland 20850, and
Department of Parasitic and Infectious Disease Pathology,
Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, D.C.
203062
Received 1 December 1997/Accepted 3 March 1998
We have evaluated the in vivo distribution of the major human
immunodeficiency virus/simian immunodeficiency virus (HIV/SIV) coreceptors, CXCR4, CCR3, and CCR5, in both rhesus macaques and humans.
T lymphocytes and macrophages in both lymphoid and nonlymphoid tissues
are the major cell populations expressing HIV/SIV coreceptors, reaffirming that these cells are the major targets of HIV/SIV infection
in vivo. In lymphoid tissues such as the lymph node and the thymus,
approximately 1 to 10% of the T lymphocytes and macrophages are
coreceptor positive. However, coreceptor expression was not detected on
follicular dendritic cells (FDC) in lymph nodes, suggesting that the
ability of FDC to trap extracellular virions is unlikely to be mediated
by a coreceptor-specific mechanism. In the thymus, a large number of
immature and mature T lymphocytes express CXCR4, which may render these
cells susceptible to infection by syncytium-inducing viral variants
that use this coreceptor for entry. In addition, various degrees of
coreceptor expression are found among different tissues and also among
different cells within the same tissues. Coreceptor-positive cells are
more frequently identified in the colon than in the rectum and more
frequently identified in the cervix than in the vagina, suggesting that
the expression levels of coreceptors are differentially regulated at
different anatomic sites. Furthermore, extremely high levels of CXCR4
and CCR3 expression are found on the neurons from both the central and
peripheral nervous systems. These findings may be helpful in
understanding certain aspects of HIV and SIV pathogenesis and
transmission.
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
In Vivo Distribution of the Human
Immunodeficiency Virus/Simian Immunodeficiency Virus
Coreceptors: CXCR4, CCR3, and CCR5
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: The Aaron
Diamond AIDS Research Center, 455 First Ave., 7th Floor, New York, NY
10016. Phone: (212) 725-0018. Fax: (212) 725-1126. E-mail:
dho{at}adarc.org.
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