J Virol, June 1998, p. 4918-4924, Vol. 72, No. 6
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
Received 15 October 1997/Accepted 16 March 1998
In this report, we show that apoptosis (or programmed cell death)
is induced in different cell lines infected with a coronavirus, the
porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). Kinetic analysis of
internucleosomal DNA cleavage by agarose gel electrophoresis and flow
cytometry or cytometric monitoring of the mitochondrial transmembrane
potential showed that, for ST cells infected with TGEV, the first overt
signs of apoptosis appeared from 10 to 12 h postinfection on. They
preceded morphological changes characteristic of cells undergoing
apoptosis, as observed by light and electron microscopy. The tripeptide
pan-ICE (caspase) inhibitor
N-benzyloxycarbonyl-Val-Ala-Asp-fluoromethylketone blocked
TGEV-induced apoptosis with no effect on virus production. The thiol
agent pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate inhibited apoptosis, suggesting that
TGEV infection may lead to apoptosis via cellular oxidative stress. The
effect of TGEV infection on activation of NF-
B, a transcription
factor known to be activated by oxidative stress, was examined. NF-
B
DNA binding was shown to be strongly and quickly induced by TGEV
infection. However, transcription factor decoy experiments showed that
NF-
B activation is not critical for TGEV-induced apoptosis.
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