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J Virol, June 1998, p. 4686-4693, Vol. 72, No. 6
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Vpr Stimulates Viral Expression and Induces Cell Killing in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Infected Dividing Jurkat T Cells

Xiao-Jian Yao, Andrew J. Mouland, Ramu A. Subbramanian, Janique Forget, Nicole Rougeau, Dominique Bergeron, and Eric A. Cohen*

Laboratoire de rétrovirologie humaine, Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7

Received 8 December 1997/Accepted 19 February 1998

In this study we investigated the effects of Vpr during human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection of proliferating Jurkat T cells by using a vesicular stomatitis virus envelope G glycoprotein pseudotyped HIV superinfection system. We observe that the expression of Vpr results in a severe reduction in the life span of HIV type 1 (HIV-1)-infected dividing T cells in culture. In agreement with a recent report (S. A. Stewart, B. Poon, J. B. M. Jowett, and I. S. Chen, J. Virol. 71:5579-5592, 1997), we show that events characteristic of apoptotic cell death are involved in the Vpr-mediated cytopathic effects. Our results also show that infection with viruses expressing the wild-type vpr gene results in an increase in viral gene expression and production. Interestingly, the effects of Vpr on cell viability and on viral gene expression both correlate with the ability of the protein to induce a cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. Mutagenesis analyses show that the C terminus of Vpr is essential for these biological activities. Although the role of Vpr is currently associated with the infection of nondividing cells, our results suggest that Vpr can also directly increase viral replication in vivo in infected dividing T cells. Furthermore, these in vitro observations suggest that Vpr-mediated cytotoxic effects could contribute to the CD4+ depletion associated with AIDS progression.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratoire de rétrovirologie humaine, Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada H3C 3J7. Phone: (514) 343-5967. Fax: (514) 343-5995. E-mail: cohenea{at}ere.umontreal.ca.

J Virol, June 1998, p. 4686-4693, Vol. 72, No. 6
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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