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J Virol, May 1998, p. 4508-4514, Vol. 72, No. 5
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Feline Coronavirus Type II Strains 79-1683 and 79-1146 Originate from a Double Recombination between Feline Coronavirus Type I and Canine Coronavirus

Arnold A. P. M. Herrewegh, Ingrid Smeenk, Marian C. Horzinek, Peter J. M. Rottier, and Raoul J. de Groot*

Virology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Received 5 November 1997/Accepted 10 February 1998

Recent evidence suggests that the type II feline coronavirus (FCoV) strains 79-1146 and 79-1683 have arisen from a homologous RNA recombination event between FCoV type I and canine coronavirus (CCV). In both cases, the template switch apparently took place between the S and M genes, giving rise to recombinant viruses which encode a CCV-like S protein and the M, N, 7a, and 7b proteins of FCoV type I (K. Motowaka, T. Hoh- datsu, H. Hashimoto, and H. Koyama, Microbiol. Immunol. 40:425-433, 1996; H. Vennema, A. Poland, K. Floyd Hawkins, and N. C. Pedersen, Feline Pract. 23:40-44, 1995). In the present study, we have looked for additional FCoV-CCV recombination sites. Four regions in the pol gene were selected for comparative sequence analysis of the type II FCoV strains 79-1683 and 79-1146, the type I FCoV strains TN406 and UCD1, the CCV strain K378, and the TGEV strain Purdue. Our data show that the type II FCoVs have arisen from double recombination events: additional crossover sites were mapped in the ORF1ab frameshifting region of strain 79-1683 and in the 5' half of ORF1b of strain 79-1146.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Virology Unit, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, POB 80.165, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands. Phone: 31-30-2532460. Fax: 31-30-2536723. E-mail: R.Groot{at}vetmic.dgk.ruu.nl.

J Virol, May 1998, p. 4508-4514, Vol. 72, No. 5
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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