This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Weldon, R. A.
Right arrow Articles by Hunter, E.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Weldon, R. A., Jr.
Right arrow Articles by Hunter, E.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

J Virol, April 1998, p. 3098-3106, Vol. 72, No. 4
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Type D Retrovirus Capsid Assembly and Release Are Active Events Requiring ATP

Robert A. Weldon Jr.,1 William B. Parker,2 Michael Sakalian,1 and Eric Hunter1,*

Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294,1 and Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, Alabama 352052

Received 3 October 1997/Accepted 12 January 1998

Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (M-PMV), the prototype type D retrovirus, differs from most other retroviruses by assembling its Gag polyproteins into procapsids in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Once assembled, the procapsids migrate to the plasma membrane, where they acquire their envelope during budding. Because the processes of M-PMV protein transport, procapsid assembly, and budding are temporally and spatially unlinked, we have been able to determine whether cellular proteins play an active role during the different stages of procapsid morphogenesis. We report here that at least two stages of morphogenesis require ATP. Both procapsid assembly and procapsid transport to the plasma membrane were reversibly blocked by treating infected cells with sodium azide and 2-deoxy-D-glucose, which we show rapidly and reversibly depletes cellular ATP pools. Assembly of procapsids in vitro in a cell-free translation/assembly system was inhibited by the addition of nonhydrolyzable ATP analogs, suggesting that ATP hydrolysis and not just ATP binding is required. Since retrovirus Gag polyproteins do not bind or hydrolyze ATP, these results demonstrate that cellular components must play an active role during retrovirus morphogenesis.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Microbiology, 256 BBRB, 845 19th St. So., Birmingham, AL 35294-2170. Phone: (205) 934-4321. Fax: (205) 934-1640. E-mail: eric_hunter{at}microbio.uab.edu.




This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Gurer, C., Hoglund, A., Hoglund, S., Luban, J. (2005). ATP{gamma}S Disrupts Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Virion Core Integrity. J. Virol. 79: 5557-5567 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Klein, K. C., Polyak, S. J., Lingappa, J. R. (2004). Unique Features of Hepatitis C Virus Capsid Formation Revealed by De Novo Cell-Free Assembly. J. Virol. 78: 9257-9269 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Morikawa, Y., Goto, T., Momose, F. (2004). Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gag Assembly through Assembly Intermediates. J. Biol. Chem. 279: 31964-31972 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Dooher, J. E., Lingappa, J. R. (2004). Conservation of a Stepwise, Energy-Sensitive Pathway Involving HP68 for Assembly of Primate Lentivirus Capsids in Cells. J. Virol. 78: 1645-1656 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gottwein, E., Bodem, J., Muller, B., Schmechel, A., Zentgraf, H., Krausslich, H.-G. (2003). The Mason-Pfizer Monkey Virus PPPY and PSAP Motifs Both Contribute to Virus Release. J. Virol. 77: 9474-9485 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gurer, C., Cimarelli, A., Luban, J. (2002). Specific Incorporation of Heat Shock Protein 70 Family Members into Primate Lentiviral Virions. J. Virol. 76: 4666-4670 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Tritel, M., Resh, M. D. (2001). The Late Stage of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Assembly Is an Energy-Dependent Process. J. Virol. 75: 5473-5481 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Mirazimi, A., Svensson, L. (2000). ATP Is Required for Correct Folding and Disulfide Bond Formation of Rotavirus VP7. J. Virol. 74: 8048-8052 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Nemergut, M. E., Macara, I. G. (2000). Nuclear Import of the Ran Exchange Factor, RCC1, Is Mediated by at Least Two Distinct Mechanisms. JCB 149: 835-850 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Cobbold, C., Brookes, S. M., Wileman, T. (2000). Biochemical Requirements of Virus Wrapping by the Endoplasmic Reticulum: Involvement of ATP and Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Store during Envelopment of African Swine Fever Virus. J. Virol. 74: 2151-2160 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Chi, J. H. I., Wilson, D. W. (2000). ATP-Dependent Localization of the Herpes Simplex Virus Capsid Protein VP26 to Sites of Procapsid Maturation. J. Virol. 74: 1468-1476 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Parker, S. D., Hunter, E. (2000). A Cell-Line-Specific Defect in the Intracellular Transport and Release of Assembled Retroviral Capsids. J. Virol. 74: 784-795 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sakalian, M., Hunter, E. (1999). Separate Assembly and Transport Domains within the Gag Precursor of Mason-Pfizer Monkey Virus. J. Virol. 73: 8073-8082 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Choi, G., Park, S., Choi, B., Hong, S., Lee, J., Hunter, E., Rhee, S. S. (1999). Identification of a Cytoplasmic Targeting/Retention Signal in a Retroviral Gag Polyprotein. J. Virol. 73: 5431-5437 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Lee, Y.-M., Liu, B., Yu, X.-F. (1999). Formation of Virus Assembly Intermediate Complexes in the Cytoplasm by Wild-Type and Assembly-Defective Mutant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Their Association with Membranes. J. Virol. 73: 5654-5662 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Le Blanc, I., Rosenberg, A. R., Dokhélar, M.-C. (1999). Multiple Functions for the Basic Amino Acids of the Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Matrix Protein in Viral Transmission. J. Virol. 73: 1860-1867 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Dasgupta, A., Wilson, D. W. (1999). ATP Depletion Blocks Herpes Simplex Virus DNA Packaging and Capsid Maturation. J. Virol. 73: 2006-2015 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Campbell, S., Rein, A. (1999). In Vitro Assembly Properties of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gag Protein Lacking the p6 Domain. J. Virol. 73: 2270-2279 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»