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J Virol, April 1998, p. 3082-3087, Vol. 72, No. 4
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Type C Retrovirus Released from Porcine Primary
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Infects Human Cells
Carolyn A.
Wilson,1,*
Susan
Wong,1
Jacqueline
Muller,2
Cynthia E.
Davidson,3
Timothy M.
Rose,3 and
Parris
Burd1
Division of Cellular and Gene
Therapies1 and
Division of Viral
Products,2 Center for Biologics Evaluation
and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Bethesda, Maryland, and
Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health and
Community Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle,
Washington3
Received 16 October 1997/Accepted 22 December 1997
As part of the evaluation of porcine cells, tissues, and organs
intended for transplantation into humans, we investigated the
conditions required to induce expression and release of porcine endogenous retrovirus (PoEV) from primary cells. Pigs contain endogenous retroviral sequences encoding infectious retrovirus, yet
little is known about the conditions required to activate the
expression and release of PoEV from primary cells. We show here that
mitogenic activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)
isolated from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) miniature pig and
the Yucatan pig resulted in the activation and release of an infectious
type C retrovirus. Coculture of activated porcine PBMC with pig or
human cell lines resulted in the transfer and expression of
PoEV-specific sequences and the establishment of a productive
infection. Sequence comparison of portions of the PoEV pol
gene expressed in pig cell lines productively infected with virus
derived from NIH miniature pig and Yucatan pig PBMC revealed marked
similarity, suggesting that one or a few loci may be capable of being
activated to yield an infectious virus. These findings demonstrate that
the presence of endogenous viruses in source animals needs to be
carefully considered when the infectious disease potential of
xenotransplantation is being assessed.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Building 29B,
Room 2E12, 8800 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892. Phone: (301)
827-0481. Fax: (301) 827-0449. E-mail:
wilsonc{at}A1.cber.fda.gov.
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