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J Virol, April 1998, p. 2962-2968, Vol. 72, No. 4
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Ubiquitin Is Covalently Attached to the p6Gag Proteins of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus and to the p12Gag Protein of Moloney Murine Leukemia Virus

David E. Ott,1,* Lori V. Coren,1 Terry D. Copeland,2 Bradley P. Kane,1 Donald G. Johnson,1 Raymond C. Sowder II,1 Yoshiyuki Yoshinaka,2,dagger Stephen Oroszlan,2 Larry O. Arthur,1 and Louis E. Henderson1

AIDS Vaccine Program, SAIC/Frederick1 and ABL-Basic Research Program,2 National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201

Received 28 August 1997/Accepted 12 January 1998

Host proteins are incorporated into retroviral virions during assembly and budding. We have examined three retroviruses, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), and Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV), for the presence of ubiquitin inside each of these virions. After a protease treatment to remove exterior viral as well as contaminating cellular proteins, the proteins remaining inside the virion were analyzed. The results presented here show that all three virions incorporate ubiquitin molecules at approximately 10% of the level of Gag found in virions. In addition to free ubiquitin, covalent ubiquitin-Gag complexes were detected, isolated, and characterized from all three viruses. Our immunoblot and protein sequencing results on treated virions showed that approximately 2% of either HIV-1 or SIV p6Gag was covalently attached to a single ubiquitin molecule inside the respective virions and that approximately 2 to 5% of the p12Gag in Mo-MuLV virions was monoubiquitinated. These results show that ubiquitination of Gag is conserved among these retroviruses and occurs in the p6Gag portion of the Gag polyprotein, a region that is likely to be involved in assembly and budding.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: AIDS Vaccine Program, SAIC/Frederick, Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, P.O. Box B, Frederick, MD 21702-1201. Phone: (301) 846-5723. Fax: (301) 846-5588. E-mail: ott{at}avpvx1.ncifcrf.gov.

dagger Present address: Microbiological Research Institute, Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Kawauchi, Tokushima 771-01, Japan.




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