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J Virol, April 1998, p. 2905-2916, Vol. 72, No. 4
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

A Single Amino Acid Change in the Hemagglutinin Protein of Measles Virus Determines Its Ability To Bind CD46 and Reveals Another Receptor on Marmoset B Cells

Eric C. Hsu,1,2 Farida Sarangi,2 Caterina Iorio,2 Mohinderjit S. Sidhu,3 Stephen A. Udem,3 Dirck L. Dillehay,4 Wenbo Xu,5 Paul A. Rota,5 William J. Bellini,5 and Christopher D. Richardson1,2,6,*

Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto,1 and Ontario Cancer Institute,6 Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2M9; Amgen Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C12; Wyeth-Lederle Vaccines and Pediatrics, Pearl River, New York 109653; Division of Animal Resources and Department of Pathology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 303224; and Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 303335

Received 22 September 1997/Accepted 8 December 1997

This paper provides evidence for a measles virus receptor other than CD46 on transformed marmoset and human B cells. We first showed that most tissues of marmosets are missing the SCR1 domain of CD46, which is essential for the binding of Edmonston measles virus, a laboratory strain that has been propagated in Vero monkey kidney cells. In spite of this deletion, the common marmoset was shown to be susceptible to infections by wild-type isolates of measles virus, although they did not support Edmonston measles virus production. As one would expect from these results, measles virus could not be propagated in owl monkey or marmoset kidney cell lines, but surprisingly, both a wild-type isolate (Montefiore 89) and the Edmonston laboratory strain of measles virus grew efficiently in B95-8 marmoset B cells. In addition, antibodies directed against CD46 had no effect on wild-type infections of marmoset B cells and only partially inhibited the replication of the Edmonston laboratory strain in the same cells. A direct binding assay with insect cells expressing the hemagglutinin (H) proteins of either the Edmonston or Montefiore 89 measles virus strains was used to probe the receptors on these B cells. Insect cells expressing Edmonston H but not the wild-type H bound to rodent cells with CD46 on their surface. On the other hand, both the Montefiore 89 H and Edmonston H proteins adhered to marmoset and human B cells. Most wild-type H proteins have asparagine residues at position 481 and can be converted to a CD46-binding phenotype by replacement of the residue with tyrosine. Similarly, the Edmonston H protein did not bind CD46 when its Tyr481 was converted to asparagine. However, this mutation did not affect the ability of Edmonston H to bind marmoset and human B cells. The preceding results provide evidence, through the use of a direct binding assay, that a second receptor for measles virus is present on primate B cells.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Amgen Research Institute, 620 University Ave., Suite 706, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 2C1. Phone: (416) 204-2280. Fax: (416) 204-2278. E-mail: crichard{at}amgen.com.




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