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J Virol, April 1998, p. 2871-2880, Vol. 72, No. 4
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Priming with Secreted Glycoprotein G of Respiratory
Syncytial Virus (RSV) Augments Interleukin-5 Production and Tissue
Eosinophilia after RSV Challenge
Teresa R.
Johnson,1
Joyce E.
Johnson,2
Sharon R.
Roberts,3
Gail W.
Wertz,4
Robert A.
Parker,5 and
Barney S.
Graham1,6,*
Departments of Microbiology and
Immunology,1
Pathology,2 and
Medicine,6 Vanderbilt University School
of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee;
Department of Botany and
Microbiology, Auburn University, Auburn,3 and
Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at
Birmingham, Birmingham,4 Alabama; and
Department of Medicine (Biostatistics), Harvard University
School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts5
Received 12 September 1997/Accepted 22 December 1997
The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) G glycoprotein promotes
differentiation of type 2 CD4+ T lymphocytes and induces an
eosinophilic response in lungs of RSV-infected mice. A unique feature
of G is that a second initiation codon in the transmembrane region of
the glycoprotein results in secretion of soluble protein from infected
cells. Recombinant vaccinia viruses that express wild-type G (vvWT G),
only secreted G (vvM48), or only membrane-anchored G (vvM48I) were used
to define the influence of G priming on immunopathogenesis. Mice
immunized with vvM48 had more severe illness following RSV challenge
than did mice primed with vvWT G or vvM48I. Coadministration of
purified G during priming with the construct expressing
membrane-anchored G shifted immune responses following RSV challenge to
a more Th2-like response. This was characterized by increased
interleukin-5 in lung supernatants and an increase in G-specific
immunoglobulin G1 antibodies. Eosinophils were present in the
infiltrate of all mice primed with G-containing vectors but were
greatest in mice primed with regimens including secreted G. These data
suggest the form of G protein available for initial antigen processing and presentation is an important factor in promoting Th2-like immune
responses, including the induction of lung eosinophilia. The ability of
RSV to secrete G protein may therefore represent a viral strategy for
immunomodulation and be a key determinant of disease pathogenesis.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: A-4103 MCN,
Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 1161 21st Ave., Nashville, TN 37232-2582. Phone: (615) 343-3717. Fax: (615) 322-8222. E-mail: Barney.Graham{at}mcmail.vanderbilt.edu.
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