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J Virol, April 1998, p. 2760-2764, Vol. 72, No. 4
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

The Quantity of Latent Viral DNA Correlates with the Relative Rates at Which Herpes Simplex Virus Types 1 and 2 Cause Recurrent Genital Herpes Outbreaks

Julie A. Lekstrom-Himes, Lesley Pesnicak, and Stephen E. Straus*

Medical Virology Section, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1888

Received 15 August 1997/Accepted 12 December 1997

Herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1 and HSV-2) have evolved specific anatomic tropisms and site-dependent rates of reactivation. To determine whether reactivation rates depend on distinct abilities of HSV-1 and -2 to establish latency and to express latency-associated transcripts (LATs), virulent strains of each virus were studied in the guinea pig genital model. Following infection with equivalent titers of virus, the quantities of latent HSV-2 genomes and LATs were higher in lumbosacral ganglia, and HSV-2 infections recurred more frequently and lasted longer than HSV-1 infections. In contrast, if the inoculum of HSV-1 was 10 times that of HSV-2, the quantity of HSV-1 DNA and LATs increased correspondingly and HSV-1 infections were as likely to recur as those with HSV-2. The quantity of latent virus DNA correlates with and may be a major determinant of the site-specific patterns and rates of reactivation of HSV-1 and -2.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: NIAID, NIH, Building 10, Room 11N228, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892-1888. Phone: (301) 496-5807. Fax: (301) 496-7383. E-mail: ss44z{at}nih.gov.




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