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J Virol, April 1998, p. 2733-2737, Vol. 72, No. 4
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Immature Dendritic Cells Selectively Replicate Macrophagetropic (M-Tropic) Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1, while Mature Cells Efficiently Transmit both M- and T-Tropic Virus to T Cells

Angela Granelli-Piperno,1,* Elena Delgado,1 Victoria Finkel,1 William Paxton,2 and Ralph M. Steinman1

Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10021,1 and Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, New York, New York 100162

Received 15 July 1997/Accepted 22 December 1997

Dendritic cells (DCs) can develop from CD14+ peripheral blood monocytes cultured in granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 4 (IL-4). By 6 days in culture, the cells have the characteristics of immature DCs and can be further induced to mature by inflammatory stimuli or by monocyte-conditioned medium. After infection with macrophagetropic (M-tropic) human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), monocytes and mature DCs show a block in reverse transcription and only form early transcripts that can be amplified with primers for the R/U5 region. In contrast, immature DCs cultured for 6 or 11 days in GM-CSF and IL-4 complete reverse transcription and show a strong signal when LTR/gag primers are used. Blood monocytes and mature DCs do not replicate HIV-1, whereas immature DCs can be productively infected, but only with M-tropic HIV-1. The virus produced by immature DCs readily infects activated T cells. Although mature DCs do not produce virus, these cells transmit both M- and T-tropic virus to T cells. In the cocultures, both DCs and T cells must express functional chemokine coreceptors for viral replication to occur. Therefore, the developmental stage of DCs can influence the interaction of these cells with HIV-1 and influence the extent to which M-tropic and T-tropic virus can replicate.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, Rockefeller University, 1230 York Ave., New York, NY 10021. Phone: (212) 327-7986. Fax: (212) 327-8875. E-mail: piperno{at}rockvax.rockefeller.edu.




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