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J Virol, March 1998, p. 2079-2088, Vol. 72, No. 3
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Bovine Papillomavirus Type 1 Genomes and the E2 Transactivator Protein Are Closely Associated with Mitotic Chromatin

Mario H. Skiadopoulosdagger and Alison A. McBride*

Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland

Received 3 October 1997/Accepted 12 November 1997

The bovine papillomavirus type 1 E2 transactivator protein is required for viral transcriptional regulation and DNA replication and may be important for long-term episomal maintenance of viral genomes within replicating cells (M. Piirsoo, E. Ustav, T. Mandel, A. Stenlund, and M. Ustav, EMBO J. 15:1-11, 1996). We have evidence that, in contrast to most other transcriptional transactivators, the E2 transactivator protein is associated with mitotic chromosomes in dividing cells. The shorter E2-TR and E8/E2 repressor proteins do not bind to mitotic chromatin, and the N-terminal transactivation domain of the E2 protein is necessary for the association. However, the DNA binding function of E2 is not required. We have found that bovine papillomavirus type 1 genomes are also associated with mitotic chromosomes, and we propose a model in which E2-bound viral genomes are transiently associated with cellular chromosomes during mitosis to ensure that viral genomes are segregated to daughter cells in approximately equal numbers.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Laboratory of Viral Diseases, NIAID, NIH, Building 4, Room 137, 4 Center Dr., MSC 0455, Bethesda, MD 20892-0455. Phone: (301) 496-1370. Fax: (301) 480-1560. E-mail: alison_mcbride{at}nih.gov.

dagger Present address: Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.




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