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J Virol, March 1998, p. 1886-1893, Vol. 72, No. 3
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Evidence that Antibody-Mediated Neutralization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 by Sera from Infected Individuals Is Independent of Coreceptor Usage

David C. Montefiori,1,* Ronald G. Collman,2 Timothy R. Fouts,3 Ji Ying Zhou,1 Miroslawa Bilska,1 James A. Hoxie,2 John P. Moore,3 and Dani P. Bolognesi1

Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina1; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania2; and Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York3

Received 15 September 1997/Accepted 4 December 1997

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) uses a variety of chemokine receptors as coreceptors for virus entry, and the ability of the virus to be neutralized by antibody may depend on which coreceptors are used. In particular, laboratory-adapted variants of the virus that use CXCR4 as a coreceptor are highly sensitive to neutralization by sera from HIV-1-infected individuals, whereas primary isolates that use CCR5 instead of, or in addition to, CXCR4 are neutralized poorly. To determine whether this dichotomy in neutralization sensitivity could be explained by differential coreceptor usage, virus neutralization by serum samples from HIV-1-infected individuals was assessed in MT-2 cells, which express CXCR4 but not CCR5, and in mitogen-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), where multiple coreceptors including CXCR4 and CCR5 are available for use. Our results showed that three of four primary isolates with a syncytium-inducing (SI) phenotype and that use CXCR4 and CCR5 were neutralized poorly in both MT-2 cells and PBMC. The fourth isolate, designated 89.6, was more sensitive to neutralization in MT-2 cells than in PBMC. We showed that the neutralization of 89.6 in PBMC was not improved when CCR5 was blocked by having RANTES, MIP-1alpha , and MIP-1beta in the culture medium, indicating that CCR5 usage was not responsible for the decreased sensitivity to neutralization in PBMC. Consistent with this finding, a laboratory-adapted strain of virus (IIIB) was significantly more sensitive to neutralization in CCR5-deficient PBMC (homozygous Delta 32-CCR5 allele) than were two of two SI primary isolates tested. The results indicate that the ability of HIV-1 to be neutralized by sera from infected individuals depends on factors other than coreceptor usage.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Surgery, Box 2926, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710. Phone: (919) 684-5278. Fax: (919) 684-4288. E-mail: monte005{at}mc.duke.edu.




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