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J Virol, February 1998, p. 975-985, Vol. 72, No. 2
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.
Disruption of the G1/S Transition in
Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E7-Expressing Human Cells Is Associated
with Altered Regulation of Cyclin E
Larry G.
Martin,
G. William
Demers,
and
Denise A.
Galloway*
Program in Cancer Biology, Fred Hutchinson
Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98104
Received 8 August 1997/Accepted 27 October 1997
The development of neoplasia frequently involves inactivation of
the p53 and retinoblastoma (Rb) tumor suppressor pathways and
disruption of cell cycle checkpoints that monitor the integrity of
replication and cell division. The human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) oncoproteins, E6 and E7, have been shown to bind p53 and Rb,
respectively. To further delineate the mechanisms by which E6 and E7
affect cell cycle control, we examined various aspects of the cell
cycle machinery. The low-risk HPV-6 E6 and E7 proteins did not cause
any significant change in the levels of cell cycle proteins analyzed.
HPV-16 E6 resulted in very low levels of p53 and p21 and globally
elevated cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) activity. In contrast, HPV-16 E7
had a profound effect on several aspects of the cell cycle machinery. A
number of cyclins and CDKs were elevated, and despite the elevation of
the levels of at least two CDK inhibitors, p21 and p16, CDK activity
was globally increased. Most strikingly, cyclin E expression was
deregulated both transcriptionally and posttranscriptionally and
persisted at high levels in S and G2/M. Transit through
G1 was shortened by the premature activation of cyclin
E-associated kinase activity. Elevation of cyclin E levels required
both the CR1 and CR2 domains of E7. These data suggest that cyclin E
may be a critical target of HPV-16 E7 in the disruption of
G1/S cell cycle progression and that the ability of E7 to
regulate cyclin E involves activities in addition to the release of
E2F.
*
Corresponding author. Mailing address: Program in
Cancer Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1124 Columbia
St., Room C1-015, Seattle, WA 98104. Phone: (206) 667-4500. Fax: (206) 667-5815. E-mail: dgallowa{at}fhcrc.org.

Present address: Canji, Inc., San Diego, CA 92121.
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